https://ulo-design.com/944612688034 daily 0.75 2025-09-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1499960132157-F8ACHXSNAX2FQZXL9AJF/Cover+elevation.jpg Hilltop House https://ulo-design.com/work daily 1.0 2026-01-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1500415396200-8OGJFAKDYG67ZMXBVGV1/stephen-lawrence-centre--london-1-proj-lightbox.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1500416043123-X0MOLDIK10TIT1C4XHQG/A.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1500416152596-D847WDTAELRP4X7A55XU/Model+1.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1500417449553-IKTJGKKORLBSP2132FL1/2014-05-16_Annonciade+Report_draft-06_FR+DRAFT1+44.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1500419166324-ICW291VPGWHLQWVS99C2/2014-09-23_Gillette_Draft_FeasibilityStudy_Page_75+copy.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1500420226884-4ATUYHH87LUER2IYEZTE/V2.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1500420474009-219N9HQ885BDEZ2E8BBR/front.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1500241444691-87D5C9BEKDYMWDEOI2F5/0595-CDV-BB-Southwark-060.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605798066203-0IBKRFQ8MISBGGNX50BE/Obi+3.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605867862812-EFB9B2H1VSSSZI3NT0NN/IMGP5596.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606136603576-2882IWR5YMHA8Q7M4O0T/0670-SK-CDV-Godolphin-Hi-027.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606333611911-XIIM4H7XZPLW497P5RTQ/Obi-3_f.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606383042688-8CAH4SSE6U1IXLCJDEY1/Outside.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606135843861-WJ6URK0XZIEJWN3X8F0U/1392390613314RCKa-TNG_Wells_Park-1128.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606383425345-TJZO1QVFFUECJQU7UAJM/6339185.jpeg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606386885155-X95YS0D09Q9FCUC2ET5E/0553-Simon-Kennedy-CDV-Brunswick-Hilltop-Hi-124.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606384634434-Y3T5D06FLDVNE929BS53/3+%281%29.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606476393434-Z023JSG7WQERQMIV8MDP/Obi-3_f.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606477778215-B6FW2ZWMBWIBXKLIHFQA/White.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606477793177-UDGA4FO2Z8WCHSYKOPBG/White.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1690145645355-YT770VI8KUYC3OLL4NCS/042_H4+EXTERIOR_221002_PEOPLE.jpg ULO Design - Exterior view of a 5 bedroom unit Embedded in the regrown indigenous forest the dark charred timber facade helps it to blend into the landscape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1690147270325-ARSRE0FBNH69ZVASIV3S/60d8048046b461ee.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/85188c45-4aef-484e-b2c8-5587ffc5b01b/Les+Jardins+-+3D+birdeye+view+downvalley_square.png ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1604774130605-17ZB8TTG0C2GRDZRDNVY/Obi+3.jpg ULO Design Final Proposal - View from walway into central civil space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194148416-CCDUHLMWGIH5VQOHTNNP/Godwin+Chikwendu+Nsude+1987_unlocked_Page_238_CLEAN.jpg ULO Design Village settlement pattern - Example layout showing compounds centred around a ward compound, which are in turn centred around a village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194149261-V8V9TSTX0MPNO002W4DV/Godwin+Chikwendu+Nsude+1987_unlocked_Page_241_CLEAN.jpg ULO Design Village group layout - Villages centred around a communal village group centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605701512896-YU2Q4VVBP67MVB4TNKPF/Dmochowski%2Bcombined%2B2-82.jpg ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Rooms are arranged around primary and secondary courtyards https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194161142-VZAQVRPCPA2U2Y7D1IW2/Impluvium+Isometric.jpg ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Isometric diagram https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605701450096-PI7V5ADT9E1SZ8BMLGF0/Umera%2BOzi%2BSection%2BEE.jpg ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Section through main courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605701632292-4NPQJPXCUQY9RREOAMJD/Umera%2BOzi%2BSection%2BDD.jpg ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Section through altar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194166154-19PUR42E25880XGNVEZW/Umera+Ozi+-+front+elevation.jpg ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Front elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194163917-H46GSP7K8IHK6EOC6HLP/Ndi+Aja+compound.jpg ULO Design Giant compound type - Houses form of perimeter wall enclosing a courtyard roughly oval in shape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605190029962-DAJZQNG5Q1A4ZSKEBD1L/long+plan.jpg ULO Design Giant Compound Type - Houses are formed from long narrow blocks and compartmentalised into rooms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605190029993-8WK0EY4ESD5COQMCXW3G/Okeafor+Ibekwe_plan.jpg ULO Design Heartland compound type - A walled group of detached dwellings for the male head, his wives and children. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194136311-RE4GBBLPNFKHMORCXIFZ/Godwin+Chikwendu+Nsude+1987_unlocked_Page_166.jpg ULO Design Construction - Wattle and daub or skeletal structure with mud infilling. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194164482-HJK260P9MVXBY102WQQ6/Motifs.jpg ULO Design Decoration - geometric and Uli decorative motifs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194267295-IPMVU03MJPINWJYVB55F/Door+-+Copy.jpg ULO Design Decorative door - Compund entrances were often decorated to reflect the status of their owner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605196104047-5IJRPO624N5GZAEGV6RF/Wattle+Daub.jpg ULO Design Eroded wattle and daub structure https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1604862901663-4DA4EFC6JKMNQDEOJAJ6/Tiered+seating.jpg ULO Design Village Square - tiered seats with tree cover in an square for public activities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1604791393711-8JBDO2JY08G0AN1KFNW6/Beam%2Bconnection%2Bdetail.jpg ULO Design Forked post - Naturally branched trunk used as post to support mid-purlin of steeply pitched roof https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1604862890759-IWFO7456M9P1E8XXLKG5/Communal.jpg ULO Design Communal building - Thatching the roof of a house in relays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1604862907917-F3Z7BUUS0FDF3VT4IEED/End+beam.jpg ULO Design Roof supports - short forked posts supported on brackets set into the wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1604791291386-G0N44QZQ7PPGSTF42MZE/view-into-agbaleze-courtyard.jpg ULO Design Impluvium compound type - View of impluvium with sacred Egbo tree https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194256678-Z86IRZ8X70S7ND70B6LU/Decoration_platespsd+-+Copy.jpg ULO Design Decoration - Clay wall decorated with inserted objects - cowies, enamel and glass https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194245470-9T8CKPJPECJE9LMYR1M9/Carved+post+-+Copy.jpg ULO Design Carving - Carvings on a forked wooden post https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1604862898016-SLC3BY52T2XMWNTVEM80/Ohafia+Obi.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - View of meeting hall from village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605703436926-WKYG3XD9HUBVAY94RP7T/VS%2B-%2BCopy.jpg ULO Design Village Square - Typically a centrally located open space, used for public gatherings, discussions festivals. It also serves as a major connecting point to all points of the settlement https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194375676-F7BM2I7FHHCFONY1WWMQ/Ohafia+Obu+interior+-+Copy.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - Moulded furniture and carved columns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605194294440-3OMHC9GX5B6OOUJ0IXR4/Portico+-+Copy.jpg ULO Design Portico - Wall decorations inside portico https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605532970503-7ZAXZL6C5DLA3UUYS3W7/Umuahia+old+Map.jpg ULO Design Colonial map of Umuahia - The settlement served as an administrative centre and a collecting point for crops and commerce due to the trainline running through it. It was segregated into European and native areas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605196455493-L2BT2820UXRFZQ9ZYEWG/Umuahia+Map.jpg ULO Design Current Map - Rapid urbanisation has caused the city to expand into its constituent villages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605533081945-UR5ASC9LFGN3LHW7OEV2/Gate.jpg ULO Design ”The Gate” - Location of the old market and considered to be the centre of the city https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605533078685-1NFS8UXHOUJMGO0EXXYT/Gate+decoration.jpg ULO Design Expression - Some gates show signs of decoration bas relief on the concrete surrounds and decorative metal work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605533109972-IW2DLWIS81GJNEFIOQ6X/IMG_1014.jpg ULO Design Encroachment - streets turned into impromptu trading posts with makeshift platforms over gutters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605533108926-WBWTKZZPCUQBYJV4KGRK/Intersection.jpg ULO Design City centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605533120424-CTFB2OWRBWWAH5UX4L24/NRL+corner.jpg ULO Design Post colonial house - Typical house built by natives during early urbanisation period https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605533128485-QUEIO2E00PVF4K3XKHV3/Old+railway.jpg ULO Design Railway - Once a source of the city’s growth it is used infrequently and the space is appropriated by street vendors amongst others https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605533131758-QLCSRNN25XZF2CQCCPL8/Typical+apartment+block.jpg ULO Design Apartment blocks - Typical of the city centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605606488917-YGV1JCWWUP7BF12QJ5U0/Estate.jpg ULO Design Gated housing estate - Developers focus on higher end gated developments that few can afford https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605606510799-ZFP0CWQQUOEAN14KNGGS/Gate+big.jpg ULO Design Gatehouse - Wealth can be expressed by the size abd style of compound entrances https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605606520715-PCN6OSIQY4REUO2SW8L1/Old+vs+new.jpg ULO Design Old vs. new - Earth building, which has been left to deteriorate, superseded by concrete structures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605605779430-TCV8MEO177GV2OH37YNI/World%2BBank%2BSection%2Bcropped.jpg ULO Design World Bank Housing Estate - Typical street section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605605537842-9A7EZKM33EVO0DPYZ1TN/Dudes+Room.png ULO Design World Bank Housing Estate - Plan of studio unit shared by husband wife and 2 children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605540835236-O76A6MP38FNMNLH0834N/image-asset.png ULO Design Old natives reservation - grid iron pattern https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605543302111-L94ET0DLQO3OLZIM514Y/column+enugu.jpg ULO Design Old natives reservation - View through verandah to courtyard, early town compound https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605537911550-U3CN7TVMUKWVOEQBNDMH/NRL+corner.jpg ULO Design Old natives reservation - Early post colonial building built by early town dwellers during first period of urbanisation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605539329912-XCA087MZRCBX13BR8YY8/FMFUAxo+Base.png ULO Design Tenement building - Axonometric drawing of typical tenement building in old natives reservation. Originally built for people moving to newly formed towns for work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605539952384-Y6KWZQ0SIBSV3VLBEHP5/FMFU+A4+PLAN_COMBINED.png ULO Design Tenement building - Originally built for a single extended family, now several families can occupy one or more rooms. Rooms facing the street can also be rented out as shops. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605540179948-ROZGG9YUOKSXEJLT8U18/IMG_1082.jpg ULO Design - Tenement building - Courtyard Tenement building - Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605540179028-JRJPE2QZAOT5JRCCRUVG/IMG_1084.jpg ULO Design - Tenement building - Kitchen Tenement building - Kitchen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605533931384-7VPXLVJHL7I1RZW6640T/Site+Map_2000.jpg ULO Design Existing site plan - Development has been rapid, but slower than possible due to the difficulty in titling ancestral lands https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605782759818-L33YN226BRSB80DXN2FV/Access+rd+1.jpg ULO Design Site - Southern access rd, view to East https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605782794241-NM4NACLEHOH6YW8DP367/Site+main.jpg ULO Design Site - Interior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605782851224-9GF47P1UU3SVO9SDMY24/View+to+richies+from+site.jpg ULO Design Site - High income developments are increasing on previously undeveloped land https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605534301573-MORWJKSRUNRFNWPH3YYG/Iso+house+types.jpg ULO Design Typical house types - The creation of a new government complex near the site has made the land more valuable, and many large houses are springing up on the previously undeveloped land. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605540446483-F7LI9F5OR3Q9E53Y4J0N/Typical%2Bpartition.jpg ULO Design Typical settlment pattern - Site as would be typically laid out in a modern housing estate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605783287886-3LJ3XQ87ML3QNY2PWH0N/Principles+v2.png ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605187446372-5U9MG7TJ4MH6VHNLM09N/Diagrams.jpg ULO Design Concept - 5 clusters of residential units, 4 low income and 1 high income, assembled around a central civic communal space, with a hierarchy of open spaces, from the private to the public. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605187427995-I5J0V8DQ4O249QRFPF5M/Diagrams2.jpg ULO Design Low Rise High Density - Low rise buildings of maximum 3 storeys are used to try and increase density , whilst allowing for ample communal space. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605187484415-ZKWQFH0PK4F6O8E9TREW/Diagrams3.jpg ULO Design Security & Access – The peripheral road allows the interior of the site to be car free, and more space for communal use. Due to security issues, a perimeter wall with security post and one point of entry and exit is necessary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605187481475-G53TTX81VSXDTRBGOQ80/Diagrams4.jpg ULO Design Public & commercial - Commercial activity surrounds and activates the central civic space. At the south of the site a workshop is located which acts as a hub for the building activity during the construction phases as well as incremental additions at later stages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605187514190-LUID8R3TTH13FGEHQ6EQ/Diagrams5.jpg ULO Design Mixed Income - Higher income units are located to the north east at the highest and most desirable point of the site. They will help subsidise infrastructure for the rest of the development and promote the idea of alternative building methods from a top-down approach. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605609294809-KCLPK8UY5E8NOJXTCB6S/Overall+axo+base_02_annotated.jpg ULO Design Site Overview - The density is in contrast to surrounding plots, which are currently undeveloped due to land titling issues, but will ultimately densify due to urbanisation forces. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605691286106-3008OS2Y91A3NR3CEVCT/Site%2Bsection_01%2B.jpg ULO Design Site Section - the site slopes from the north east to the south west, a height difference of approximately 10m, with the high income cluster located at the highest point of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605609698525-HJQUZEIK10AROCBTQLCW/Overall+axo+base_02_annotated2.jpg ULO Design Site Model - Residential clusters surround a central communal space. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605615394866-YRVNGJU1KKBH28J9VRM2/Site+plan+V3.png ULO Design Site Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605609842960-HRXXRP615FDKXPR3RYX3/Cluster+axo_02.jpg ULO Design Cluster Axonometric – Smaller compound courtyards lead into cluster courtyard and ultimately into the central civic space. 2-3 storey volumes create a low rise high density environment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605794475342-UT81LXMQQBDEHE1ND5H5/Elevation+v2.png ULO Design Cluster Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605797247034-CTVUMRMO6VOXCDMZ49FG/1_200_BASE.png ULO Design Cluster Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605610675548-21MW0ZHWL4UOML5WRO5G/Cluster+render_01.jpg ULO Design Cluster Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605617334704-KE7X1PPBKKM6057ZTWPS/FP.jpg ULO Design Compound Plan - Ground https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605617305667-0O5M3B7OSL4N856XUYCC/FP2.jpg ULO Design Compound Plan - First https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605617343457-7PKAWDQGBKH05CMV3KKL/FP3.jpg ULO Design Compound Plan - Second https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605618946421-69QAPDTQB7P68SSUU5CE/Interior+view.jpg ULO Design Ground Floor Unit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605619066830-1F7NX8KVD851X1DYASVH/House+section.png ULO Design Compound Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605617847330-TP2ZMB8QZWAIV5F7OHQE/House+section.png ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605619154667-BQZROL86Y66U04MFN0V1/Detailed+section.png ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605619158024-QWP7KDKEEX65YKJ3M1VX/Detailed+section2.png ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1604792792322-RSKIA0I3NAXYU6XLYOYY/incremental+2.gif ULO Design - Incrementality Incrementality - Axonometric diagram showing starting vs infilled states. Temporary bamboo balustrades are used for empty bays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605619685557-PLTKXRF10OUNQOF46ZNQ/Incrementality.png ULO Design 3 Bedroom flat - Horizontal expansion | 2 - 5 bays | 28m2 - 70m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605619691718-VYIVDXZIJJOPAX53UUAJ/Incrementality2.png ULO Design 2 Bedroom Maisonette - Vertical expansion | 2 - 4 bays | 28m2 - 56m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605619693172-HLYTQF2BAO1TUF84FL0V/Incrementality3.png ULO Design 4 Bedroom House | Vertical expansion | 3-6 bays | 28m2 - 84m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605793336100-IWDHQSA45L7Z9DMBXVM2/incremental+community.png ULO Design Compound development https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605620214928-7QKAAWFXJPOS3AKSPEFX/Shop+2.jpg ULO Design Central Civic Space - The central space is designed to be multi-purpose in order to cater for larger events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1604865004444-UDGVL9ZPH5I4YG6QKB2A/Communal+elevation+base.jpg ULO Design Central Civic Space - Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1604866704987-ABLLS8C1DVK2K14ED0D7/Obi+3.jpg ULO Design Central Civic Space - View from walkway around the periphery of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605621211757-W17OBBMH1PLL6O48U72W/Obi+vray.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - Exterior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605796522824-BN8HQ1VFKDRC0TXEGZUV/Obi+Interior_01.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - The upper floor gives a view of the surroundings whilst taking advantage of the south-westerly prevailing wind https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605621286298-HDZL6QAUOBXYBM5L9IDJ/Beam%2Bconnection%2Bdetail.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - Reference https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1604863728741-WV8GGZN6CY9RC8L03098/Obi+Section.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622263838-CI568Q4UEY6OW0RAKUHO/Wall.jpg ULO Design Boundaty Wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622361661-OP6NC60GYOBFNW2JZ8IS/Decoration.png ULO Design Decoration - Brick paved walkways https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622421608-7ZHI7Z89FMPR1PIC3WR4/Decoration3.png ULO Design Decoration - Brick screens https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622395493-C7TKSWJ7H1E9AQZ767C4/Decoration2.png ULO Design Decoration - Decorative blocks https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605857390101-HZHVQ6PCJFUSIDGRDM6D/6339185.jpeg ULO Design A semi-sheltered sleeping space for two, its distinct roof form is derived from the position of the supporting trunk and acts as a sign post for the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605858659215-ACZ6034Y4IE74TRG1NTT/ARKNAT-Drawing-v2.png ULO Design Site section - Two platforms - one supported by an off centred tree trunk - are connected by a stepped path creating a strong axis through the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605859529794-LBYLOIMHTQISRK3S334P/site.jpg ULO Design Situation Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605857430389-W29J3NUXVQWAAF2YB9SE/6339187.jpeg ULO Design Sitting or standing on the various path levels lets you connect with the environment in different orientations, taking advantage of the changing light conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605857567310-KEBT2BLFOMEQFHB119QV/arknat-offcentered.jpg ULO Design Site context - The landscape falls consistently towards the lake https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605859119252-QOYGC30V3LOMTGS99L82/IMG_20191126_140900.jpg ULO Design Sitting or standing on the various path levels lets you connect with the environment in different orientations, taking advantage of the changing light conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605857607639-G7JWUODX2XP9VY8YHQM2/H%C3%A5kan-OffCentered1.jpg ULO Design Open arms - Doors opened fully with a gesture to the sky https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605859071808-QQXTPOC3AARC8BFUAOR5/H%C3%A5kan-OffCentered+v2.jpg ULO Design Open slats give views to the floor below with randomly placed spacers to mirror the organic forms of the forest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605859644726-N5E039TFMZYKKQ3GTOB6/Model.jpg ULO Design Concept Model https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605865619472-IC2SAYP8PQ4VATJ8DWBG/V2.jpg ULO Design River View - The glulam structure allows the bridge to be slender, light and sculptural; an innovation in timber bridge design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605863781423-R980QQEIJ57DJJZ3CJ7R/Norrk%C3%B6ping-1to1000_01.png ULO Design Site map - Various viewpoints are possible along the winding path, in addition to two key points for seating along the bridge span https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605866946133-55GI12BR1ZNVEHEVFN17/image.jpg ULO Design Scale model 1:50 - The structure meets the ground with minimal intervention on two sculpted concrete columns allowing original paths to be retained https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605865697915-610DDW7ZQBP128VJ9596/V1_1.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605863896620-TCCXE2JVOAQX5ETFTDPP/COW-Elevation.png ULO Design Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605864051280-AF6XMGVEV033WEG2W421/image-asset.png ULO Design Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605865911440-EV75I6IKC3432IV2I28C/SOJ---16---ModelPhoto04.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605865950998-12BRXFGB0JYKMMKHOJA6/SOJ---24---ModelPhoto12.jpg ULO Design Seating at widest points https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605866260163-LYJ6XQ47UEISXHDD6NMW/COW-SectionCC.png ULO Design - Abutment Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605866257485-SWGE0QH7H2KQFV0K8MF3/COW-SectionBB.png ULO Design - Mid-section Mid section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605866309804-7CJOXSWQV6Y2N5SJC1T4/image-asset.png ULO Design Column detail - Block-glued prefabricated glulam sections https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605867110679-WWFKKZ9BE85E8B4AKCE3/Under-straight.jpg ULO Design A key issue was the experience of the bridge at water level paths https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605867028101-E2NCEU5ORVKJLPTVMM0B/Column-elevation.jpg ULO Design The underside of the bridge is a strong feature, the sleek horizontal lines of the timber structure adds to its lightness https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605867073218-JEJCQADL1ZF1CKTDXC95/IMGP5596.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605867357273-NOY2I7HKFKUR9LH4EYDY/image.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605874199866-UWZHBJUOHAR72Q07BUO2/Untitled-1.jpg ULO Design Myrstuguberget, Ralph Erskine 1986 - Interaction with sloping landscape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605874240261-IW4HUV63AYG2GTSMPSM8/Facade.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605874353149-QWGS04IDHCTRX7DMYOWX/Myrstugu+.gif ULO Design Myrstuguberget - study model https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605884528347-ZT9N5WSLINCMVLVLTEUF/image.jpg ULO Design Myrstuguberget - Floor plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605874512014-1P4TWRSO2FOLG5BQPSYJ/Precedents-1.jpg ULO Design - Danish Long house - Precedent study https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605874512774-U0OQIH0D9AK5BKF63YZ8/IMG_1361_02.jpg ULO Design - The private - Interior model of private upper floor https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605947513179-HYF2BWBT6CCGQFAZJY40/2B_Collage_03.jpg ULO Design External View - Collective housing typology based on freeform architectural investigation into new ways of living in the landscape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605947445100-I2X8GE0IE9VLC6KUH3ZW/2B-Proposal-11-BLOCK-PLAN-500_BW.png ULO Design Block Plan - The form follows the contours of a ridge on a steeply sloping wooded site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605947651169-UBZE29JWNF6CDV0AH08C/GF.png ULO Design Ground - Communal https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605947646380-2ECEL0C3F576J1U3BCXO/1F.png ULO Design First - Private https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605947645837-AUSELE6RV6RUE2HVUZQW/2F.png ULO Design First - Private https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605874560086-DSW0U03H2X9OI6ASWS1S/DSCF1014.jpg ULO Design The communal - Proposed ground floor interior model of a collective housing typology based on atmospheric experiments into new ways of living https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605948150038-MRU09K8PTJ3650SB38DL/External-view.jpg ULO Design External view - The colours and materiality relate to the palette of colours on the wooded site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606128943499-C920O08W8ZL6GZ01I5JB/Plan_v2.jpg ULO Design Site massing model https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605876389600-0AD2OLE6CCOKF1UZWLBE/S_v2.jpg ULO Design Site massing model https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605877641171-SUU65X113VXPCTYYKY8D/Site-test.png ULO Design Site massing tests https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605877344342-CMUTKBQG6S9BE32B0F0Q/Zwicky-Sud-Zwicky-Sud_500_A1.png ULO Design Precedent study - Zwiky Sud Zurich https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605877461931-RNY96CDRQ6I8ZKNGJF3T/Kalkbreite-Kalkbreite_500_A1-no-ano.png ULO Design Precedent study - Kalkbreite Zurich https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605883521595-NCS0RS1TUNN8ZS544QC7/Site-plan-drawing.png ULO Design Site Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606125418662-8X6P2Q3N4HV7S8FY2IQ8/50-Model.jpg ULO Design 1:50 Model https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605876549028-J14EKQ82KUE5ANA3L69Z/Front-Elevation.jpg ULO Design Front Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605876580088-P0I5M5JW1738KGESCX8L/Rear-elevation.jpg ULO Design Rear Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605882092099-M773K3QA8IFSBK50FIP3/TEST2.png ULO Design 1:20 Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605882169758-KHTGC6NCA72BDUAP2OL8/TEST.png ULO Design 1:20 Model https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605883549339-HBYIHGE8DIZ23Y2U2F32/Outside.jpg ULO Design Internal View - Living area https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605947311032-1XPU7LTXEK3J45W2CDVO/Floor-plan-interior.png ULO Design Layout plan - bay structure gives flexibility in terms of function - layouts can range from 1 bedroom apartments to 5 bedroom collective living units. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605883652691-D8XGY640CGQLANHI23TJ/image-asset.jpeg ULO Design Internal View - Dining and kitchen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606125061055-93R35BQOAS687XBBD3U6/Dining.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606209771714-G73C66YZS780FUSGF3UE/Obi+3.jpg ULO Design Final Proposal - View from walway into central civil space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210191491-R65YAVBVELI2SAD71PM1/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_238_CLEAN_f.png ULO Design Village settlement pattern - Example layout showing compounds centred around a ward compound, which are in turn centred around a village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210193326-2VZ2XLPSE6S8DY3RHMK9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_241_CLEAN_f.png ULO Design Village group layout - Villages centred around a communal village group centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188335-7EB2E0RH2TUBQO4C9L1S/Dmochowski-combined-2-82_f.png ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Rooms are arranged around primary and secondary courtyards https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210196817-UAGT37P9JFG2ZG415CNT/Impluvium-Isometric_f.png ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Isometric diagram https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210187609-EECZZYNKL8ZH353HBVSN/Umera-Ozi-Section-EE_f.png ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Section through main courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210204101-62DFLHY8UFG1UVAVSXUG/Umera-Ozi-Section-DD_f.png ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Section through altar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201970-XIC5M16CRUOGT8TLN0HL/Umera-Ozi---front-elevation_f.png ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Section through porch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199745-LB5YY1D6SG9X1ZTSZVVN/Ndi-Aja-compound_f.png ULO Design Giant compound type - Houses form of perimeter wall enclosing a courtyard roughly oval in shape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210197652-9Y1G0NTLOO3NHMJWDJT8/long-plan_f.png ULO Design Giant Compound Type - Houses are formed from long narrow blocks and compartmentalised into rooms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201488-BKOAFV96X6UY19DELEFU/Okeafor-Ibekwe_plan_f.gif ULO Design Heartland compound type - A walled group of detached dwellings for the male head, his wives and children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188949-QHPZ98GUTJ7AGOSEZWH9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_166_f.png ULO Design Construction - Wattle and daub or skeletal structure with mud infilling https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199598-SX9F1IDZBJ03YB4SC0JB/Motifs.png ULO Design Decoration - geometric and Uli decorative motifs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879306-CVH2ROLPPRPJON9K28UM/Door_f.jpg ULO Design Decorative door - Compund entrances were often decorated to reflect the status of their owner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223891449-7WHU930X8CYCHH8G1A2C/Wattle-Daub_f.jpg ULO Design Eroded wattle and daub structure https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223889621-XCWG5AZBCJPWGGLWCK91/VS_f.jpg ULO Design Village Square - tiered seats with tree cover in an square for public activities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868725-ZCR05HYR273HTO2CKOG3/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg ULO Design Forked post - Naturally branched trunk used as post to support mid-purlin of steeply pitched roof https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223870227-XBU9MAHYAWZJCRY490CF/Communal_f.jpg ULO Design Communal building - Thatching the roof of a house in relays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879466-ZYN4F4LS66MU75VPS8EV/End-beam_f.jpg ULO Design Roof supports - short forked posts supported on brackets set into the wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606224645682-PT8TLD07VXB10L5FLKXR/imp+comp_f.jpg ULO Design Impluvium compound type - View of impluvium with sacred Egbo tree https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223871250-QP667D8AYQ75IAQJD0DK/Decoration_platespsd_f.jpg ULO Design Decoration - Clay wall decorated with inserted objects - cowies, enamel and glass https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868867-R57JC1NGYCJZVVSC7WGL/Carved-post_f.jpg ULO Design Carving - Carvings on a forked wooden post https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880508-N0B2ZKLLQBCUTW9S42Z6/Ohafia-Obi_f.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - View of meeting hall from village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880696-F9MCPAO6S9A358VQ4ZOD/Ohafia-Obu-interior_f.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - Moulded furniture and carved columns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223883292-PTVB41Q8L20BWD5MVGPH/Portico_f.jpg ULO Design Portico - Wall decorations inside portico https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225561860-XO6Z0HZDQESU978CXU96/Umuahia-Map_f.jpg ULO Design Colonial map of Umuahia - The settlement served as an administrative centre and a collecting point for crops and commerce due to the trainline running through it. It was segregated into European and native areas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225940792-P3PFOT65CS12WTELEWWT/Umuahia-new-map_f.png ULO Design Current Map - Rapid urbanisation has caused the city to expand into its constituent villages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228104108-9ECG7HYFR47N1W27Y4D1/Gate_f.jpg ULO Design ”The Gate” - Location of the old market and considered to be the centre of the city https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228467725-WAZ2JLUBZL57G2ALJXE2/Gate-decoration_f.jpg ULO Design Expression - Some gates show signs of decoration bas relief on the concrete surrounds and decorative metal work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228662696-ELD2EB3M33R1XSABBVFP/Intersection_f.jpg ULO Design City centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303814945-PCFDVCWPJ36ENNN4LQQS/IMG_1014_f.jpg ULO Design Encroachment - streets turned into impromptu trading posts with makeshift platforms over gutters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303845442-EOL4NPY20RYIXLRUMF6O/NRL-corner_f.jpg ULO Design Post colonial house - Typical house built by natives during early urbanisation period https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303906785-093IN4VCS69873CQ3OEB/Old-railway_f.jpg ULO Design Railway - Once a source of the city’s growth it is used infrequently and the space is appropriated by street vendors amongst others https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303987304-EIROORZI66L9I25BJYFP/Typical-apartment-block_f.jpg ULO Design Apartment blocks - Typical of the city centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605606488917-YGV1JCWWUP7BF12QJ5U0/Estate.jpg ULO Design Gated housing estate - Developers focus on higher end gated developments that few can afford https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304068304-69MB010NZV5L257BXBLS/Gate-big_f.jpg ULO Design Gatehouse - Wealth can be expressed by the size abd style of compound entrances https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304158992-J5BEURGYWTB53IC7YJA1/Old-vs-new_f.jpg ULO Design Old vs. new - Earth building, which has been left to deteriorate, superseded by concrete structures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605605779430-TCV8MEO177GV2OH37YNI/World%2BBank%2BSection%2Bcropped.jpg ULO Design World Bank Housing Estate - Typical street section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307015266-GYOX07W0LRYT5OBNN7B0/Dudes-Room_f.png ULO Design World Bank Housing Estate - Plan of studio unit shared by husband wife and 2 children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306448113-H0BSE4OSDQCN6DSLBGT8/Grid-map_f.png ULO Design Old natives reservation - grid iron pattern https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306528378-DV80VQNPC0WOH1MYJ60A/column-enugu_f.jpg ULO Design Old natives reservation - View through verandah to courtyard, early town compound https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306615918-LFWZ48AXEJGV7NYK7JIJ/NRL-corner_f.jpg ULO Design Old natives reservation - Early post colonial building built by early town dwellers during first period of urbanisation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306885214-IRCXVAMGQEW31GDHUPRP/FMFUAxo-Base_f.png ULO Design Tenement building - Axonometric drawing of typical tenement building in old natives reservation. Originally built for people moving to newly formed towns for work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307219818-N7KFSV5AY5ZWJXI7M102/FMFU-A4-PLAN_COMBINED_f.png ULO Design Tenement building - Originally built for a single extended family, now several families can occupy one or more rooms. Rooms facing the street can also be rented out as shops https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307464210-9SNW6Z7QC6EXT2M50EL1/image-asset.jpeg ULO Design Tenement building - Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307483146-KZ3KRC8D5PPQH9R8WF20/IMG_1084_f.jpg ULO Design Tenement building - Kitchen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308089398-XYSS3PFWSMXFYO3ARN69/Existing-Site_f.png ULO Design Existing site plan - Development has been rapid, but slower than possible due to the difficulty in titling ancestral lands https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525039-PZU8COH5JRAYP1EFBYLN/Access-rd-1_f.jpg ULO Design Site - Southern access rd, view to East https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525484-S3W3B4F8BWZU0FICQSWZ/Site-main_f.jpg ULO Design Site - Interior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308526541-R6FN7D6P0Y81EEXNBM6M/View-to-richies-from-site_f.jpg ULO Design Site - High income developments are increasing on previously undeveloped land https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605534301573-MORWJKSRUNRFNWPH3YYG/Iso+house+types.jpg ULO Design Typical house types - The creation of a new government complex near the site has made the land more valuable, and many large houses are springing up on the previously undeveloped land. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605540446483-F7LI9F5OR3Q9E53Y4J0N/Typical%2Bpartition.jpg ULO Design Typical settlment pattern - Site as would be typically laid out in a modern housing estate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308944419-UP3E31Q77BVNHNLLGRZH/Principles-v2_f.png ULO Design Relevant Aspects of Igbo Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168827-2KCWJZ1SV1HKSBOX67TC/Site-diagrams1_f.png ULO Design Concept - 5 clusters of residential units, 4 low income and 1 high income, assembled around a central civic communal space, with a hierarchy of open spaces, from the private to the public https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310171004-ZAO1E8JUNTLIMB6YY0ZF/Site-diagrams2_f.png ULO Design Low Rise High Density - Low rise buildings of maximum 3 storeys are used to try and increase density , whilst allowing for ample communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175316-ZBWEN6ADQLBHXI1SE986/Site-diagrams3_f.png ULO Design Security & Access – The peripheral road allows the interior of the site to be car free, and more space for communal use. Due to security issues, a perimeter wall with security post and one point of entry and exit is necessary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175617-OA3M76VYNJLUJHWRKXYY/Site-diagrams4_f.png ULO Design Public & commercial - Commercial activity surrounds and activates the central civic space. At the south of the site a workshop is located which acts as a hub for the building activity during the construction phases as well as incremental additions at later stages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168828-K1PCI6OM1CUGWHOMCDDH/Existing-Site5_f.png ULO Design Mixed Income - Higher income units are located to the north east at the highest and most desirable point of the site. They will help subsidise infrastructure for the rest of the development and promote the idea of alternative building methods from a top-down approach. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310715566-Q06C3ZRAM9ZCJSQV48JV/Overall-axo-base_02_annotated_f.jpg ULO Design Site Model - Residential clusters surround a central communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606311163937-QZXBVEE32YN6O0OL18CQ/Site-section_01_f-.png ULO Design Site Section - the site slopes from the north east to the south west, a height difference of approximately 10m, with the high income cluster located at the highest point of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316425163-XQI8DTTJ269ZQ1M85OE9/Overall+axo+base_02_annotated2.jpg ULO Design Site Overview - The density is in contrast to surrounding plots, which are currently undeveloped due to land titling issues, but will ultimately densify due to urbanisation forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316756261-SVI2K7C883ACAUPOLWDO/Site-plan-V3_f.jpg ULO Design Site Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317004373-ET47RO1YVTO7USKEEVCE/Cluster-axo_02_f.jpg ULO Design Cluster Axonometric – Smaller compound courtyards lead into cluster courtyard and ultimately into the central civic space. 2-3 storey volumes create a low rise high density environment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317187322-F8U01DL4IPMQTD9OWQF9/Elevation-v2_f.png ULO Design Cluster Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317609749-GEYLVJ2TUPAKA1T5EZWG/1_200_BASE_f.png ULO Design Cluster Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606318104675-WDZKZXC2BL23NPJ7Q7VK/Cluster-render_01_f.jpg ULO Design Cluster Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313687-5NNG6HCVUOYCLGG93881/0F_f.png ULO Design Compound Plan - Ground https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313035-K6KIKKZFXVZ2178378CP/1F_f.png ULO Design Compound Plan - First https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319316715-NIDA6UNSP8QYB2TS0NRR/2F_f.png ULO Design Compound Plan - Second https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319567440-BLUFH2XITQ14KPFF922P/Interior-3_f.jpg ULO Design Ground Floor Unit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321806039-65FPBOYCKK8OYJKM6JSL/House-section_f.png ULO Design Compound Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321956467-C2QNH26S6P438T4D3ORI/Detail.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321958460-Y7XCUM9KYYBFTGVZWC0G/Detail2.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321967333-Z2B3LSYUH0ZCQH9GXG6V/House-section_f.png ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321405288-PCRXUBNNJR1GAEB738W6/incremental_f.gif ULO Design - Incrementality Incrementality - Axonometric diagram showing starting vs infilled states. Temporary bamboo balustrades are used for empty bays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322142701-093W0HBTPLMSYRWJ3Q7X/Incrementality_f.png ULO Design 3 Bedroom flat - Horizontal expansion | 2 - 5 bays | 28m2 - 70m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322143294-5BTHBK19YJ67HPN3207P/Incrementality2_f.png ULO Design 2 Bedroom Maisonette - Vertical expansion | 2 - 4 bays | 28m2 - 56m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322144520-BUIHLNLXL7ZM7W0APFV5/Incrementality3_f.png ULO Design 4 Bedroom House | Vertical expansion | 3-6 bays | 28m2 - 84m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322555325-27QFOW8VPVCYZ38U2PWT/incremental-community_f.png ULO Design Compound development https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322598440-03TN7WNX9IDOGYHTIBUZ/Shop-2_f.jpg ULO Design Central Civic Space - The central space is designed to be multi-purpose in order to cater for larger events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322659402-UXDQPPUVDYQW0DUDVD7O/Communal+elevation+base.jpg ULO Design Central Civic Space - Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322719404-T016RGCSZ16J86QSL3UD/Obi-3_f.jpg ULO Design Central Civic Space - View from walkway around the periphery of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322887512-1HSGAJXLSLKJ2W6IXE4K/Obi-vray_f.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - Exterior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322886975-FOGWPSCRIN16N1ERF13J/Obi-Interior_01_f.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - The upper floor gives a view of the surroundings whilst taking advantage of the south-westerly prevailing wind https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322894588-UEK735NODF03IMWRHE78/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - Reference https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330783587-4PPAPYDO5RTE9UHQYW57/Obi-Section_f.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330919733-XUNQTRXPN8MS0S15822Q/Wall_f.jpg ULO Design Boundary Wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622421608-7ZHI7Z89FMPR1PIC3WR4/Decoration3.png ULO Design Decoration - Brick screens https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622361661-OP6NC60GYOBFNW2JZ8IS/Decoration.png ULO Design Decoration - Brick paved walkways https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622395493-C7TKSWJ7H1E9AQZ767C4/Decoration2.png ULO Design Decoration - Decorative blocks https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/b0704978-d933-45ac-80be-7137481a43fc/Les+Jardins+-+3D+birdeye+view+downvalley+%281%29.png ULO Design Site Context - Nine cascading townhouses on a steeply sloping site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/3492f44c-2d15-418a-828a-baf82ec00763/Masterplan.jpg ULO Design - Make it stand out Site Plan - The homes sit comfortably within a compact site—framed by generous setbacks, tree-lined paths, and layered landscaping https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/84305e6d-c8b1-4bc2-b19b-24fad04c8b3e/Birdseye+view+w+award.png ULO Design Site Context - The homes are terraced, stepping down towards a shared riparian landscape, creating an elegant density that is both contextual and responsive to the site. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/d40e854f-fe66-4b2b-aacb-b458dc9fdc70/Section.jpg ULO Design - Make it stand out Site Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/df07b975-1f27-40cd-bc9a-45e49b47a2fe/Entrance_lower.jpg ULO Design Site Entrance https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/a0b98169-c99f-4abe-a914-e437ebc63f01/Sideiew.jpg ULO Design Facade – Horizontal planters echo the site’s natural stratification while accentuating the terraced form https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/fc7e7c91-f2dc-4ef5-8786-47847e89048c/Floor+Plans.jpg ULO Design - Make it stand out Basement and Ground Floor Plans https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/3785f41c-9ac0-4552-8de0-2ecf6eb2f761/Bathroom.jpg ULO Design Typical Bathroom https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1d1750fe-2ab1-40d2-ade8-6af68e0d59d5/Bedroom.jpg ULO Design Typical Master Bedroom https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/0a511b49-21ac-4725-add1-51c1f1e3d870/Floor+Plans2.jpg ULO Design - Make it stand out First Floor - Bedrooms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/aa36a093-3e75-49df-a191-e8e0cb3fc993/Living.jpg ULO Design Typical Open-Plan Living Layout https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/24dd2659-6747-4e4e-8862-ed6da807cb75/Floor+Plans3.jpg ULO Design - Make it stand out Second Floor - Open-Plan Living https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/05069715-3523-4080-a2a0-7d74af6c959d/Terrace.jpg ULO Design Typical Roof Terrace https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/684b5d16-40d9-45d2-9678-7b4b1e32fe87/Floor+Plans4.jpg ULO Design - Make it stand out Roof Garden https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/9cc1533c-1b39-492f-bb45-bf7bf2f2346e/Gym.jpg ULO Design Zen Zone - Communal area overlooking riparian lanscape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/7b1cb2c6-94ad-4472-937e-43af860f1d69/Floor+Plans5.jpg ULO Design - Make it stand out Zen Zone - Gym, hot tub, sauna and spa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/9fd067a7-c11d-4d3c-8bb9-c3f902347b28/aXO.jpg ULO Design - Make it stand out Diagrams - Simple terraced forms and natural materials combine with climate-smart design to create sustainable, contextual homes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606478506617-VRSEZX38UNVA6DVZ7OD2/image.jpg ULO Design - Research Research was split into 2 parts: the first looking into traditional Igbo architecture to see what aspects could be relevant to the design; and the second looking into relevant precedents of low cost housing schemes, to glean principles that could be learnt in terms of plan organisation, settlement pattern and construction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606478714752-ECH6EL14ZV30UVZGIB2F/Obi-3_f.jpg ULO Design - Proposal Principles learnt from the research into Igbo traditional architecture and relevant low cost housing schemes were brought together into the specifics of the site and the context of Umuahia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606474267015-EFS00A7CYBFUG59ERCVB/Ohafia-Obu-interior_f.jpg ULO Design Final Proposal - View from walway into central civil space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210191491-R65YAVBVELI2SAD71PM1/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_238_CLEAN_f.png ULO Design Village settlement pattern - Example layout showing compounds centred around a ward compound, which are in turn centred around a village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210193326-2VZ2XLPSE6S8DY3RHMK9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_241_CLEAN_f.png ULO Design Village group layout - Villages centred around a communal village group centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188335-7EB2E0RH2TUBQO4C9L1S/Dmochowski-combined-2-82_f.png ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Rooms are arranged around primary and secondary courtyards https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210196817-UAGT37P9JFG2ZG415CNT/Impluvium-Isometric_f.png ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Isometric diagram https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210187609-EECZZYNKL8ZH353HBVSN/Umera-Ozi-Section-EE_f.png ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Section through main courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210204101-62DFLHY8UFG1UVAVSXUG/Umera-Ozi-Section-DD_f.png ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Section through altar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201970-XIC5M16CRUOGT8TLN0HL/Umera-Ozi---front-elevation_f.png ULO Design Impluvium type compound - Section through porch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199745-LB5YY1D6SG9X1ZTSZVVN/Ndi-Aja-compound_f.png ULO Design Giant compound type - Houses form of perimeter wall enclosing a courtyard roughly oval in shape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210197652-9Y1G0NTLOO3NHMJWDJT8/long-plan_f.png ULO Design Giant Compound Type - Houses are formed from long narrow blocks and compartmentalised into rooms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201488-BKOAFV96X6UY19DELEFU/Okeafor-Ibekwe_plan_f.gif ULO Design Heartland compound type - A walled group of detached dwellings for the male head, his wives and children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188949-QHPZ98GUTJ7AGOSEZWH9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_166_f.png ULO Design Construction - Wattle and daub or skeletal structure with mud infilling https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199598-SX9F1IDZBJ03YB4SC0JB/Motifs.png ULO Design Decoration - geometric and Uli decorative motifs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879306-CVH2ROLPPRPJON9K28UM/Door_f.jpg ULO Design Decorative door - Compund entrances were often decorated to reflect the status of their owner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223891449-7WHU930X8CYCHH8G1A2C/Wattle-Daub_f.jpg ULO Design Eroded wattle and daub structure https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223889621-XCWG5AZBCJPWGGLWCK91/VS_f.jpg ULO Design Village Square - tiered seats with tree cover in an square for public activities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868725-ZCR05HYR273HTO2CKOG3/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg ULO Design Forked post - Naturally branched trunk used as post to support mid-purlin of steeply pitched roof https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223870227-XBU9MAHYAWZJCRY490CF/Communal_f.jpg ULO Design Communal building - Thatching the roof of a house in relays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879466-ZYN4F4LS66MU75VPS8EV/End-beam_f.jpg ULO Design Roof supports - short forked posts supported on brackets set into the wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606224645682-PT8TLD07VXB10L5FLKXR/imp+comp_f.jpg ULO Design Impluvium compound type - View of impluvium with sacred Egbo tree https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223871250-QP667D8AYQ75IAQJD0DK/Decoration_platespsd_f.jpg ULO Design Decoration - Clay wall decorated with inserted objects - cowies, enamel and glass https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868867-R57JC1NGYCJZVVSC7WGL/Carved-post_f.jpg ULO Design Carving - Carvings on a forked wooden post https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880508-N0B2ZKLLQBCUTW9S42Z6/Ohafia-Obi_f.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - View of meeting hall from village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880696-F9MCPAO6S9A358VQ4ZOD/Ohafia-Obu-interior_f.jpg ULO Design Meeting Hall - Moulded furniture and carved columns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223883292-PTVB41Q8L20BWD5MVGPH/Portico_f.jpg ULO Design Portico - Wall decorations inside portico https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225561860-XO6Z0HZDQESU978CXU96/Umuahia-Map_f.jpg ULO Design Colonial map of Umuahia - The settlement served as an administrative centre and a collecting point for crops and commerce due to the trainline running through it. It was segregated into European and native areas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225940792-P3PFOT65CS12WTELEWWT/Umuahia-new-map_f.png ULO Design Current Map - Rapid urbanisation has caused the city to expand into its constituent villages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228104108-9ECG7HYFR47N1W27Y4D1/Gate_f.jpg ULO Design ”The Gate” - Location of the old market and considered to be the centre of the city https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228467725-WAZ2JLUBZL57G2ALJXE2/Gate-decoration_f.jpg ULO Design Expression - Some gates show signs of decoration bas relief on the concrete surrounds and decorative metal work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228662696-ELD2EB3M33R1XSABBVFP/Intersection_f.jpg ULO Design City centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303814945-PCFDVCWPJ36ENNN4LQQS/IMG_1014_f.jpg ULO Design Encroachment - streets turned into impromptu trading posts with makeshift platforms over gutters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303845442-EOL4NPY20RYIXLRUMF6O/NRL-corner_f.jpg ULO Design Post colonial house - Typical house built by natives during early urbanisation period https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303906785-093IN4VCS69873CQ3OEB/Old-railway_f.jpg ULO Design Railway - Once a source of the city’s growth it is used infrequently and the space is appropriated by street vendors amongst others https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303987304-EIROORZI66L9I25BJYFP/Typical-apartment-block_f.jpg ULO Design Apartment blocks - Typical of the city centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605606488917-YGV1JCWWUP7BF12QJ5U0/Estate.jpg ULO Design Gated housing estate - Developers focus on higher end gated developments that few can afford https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304068304-69MB010NZV5L257BXBLS/Gate-big_f.jpg ULO Design Gatehouse - Wealth can be expressed by the size abd style of compound entrances https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304158992-J5BEURGYWTB53IC7YJA1/Old-vs-new_f.jpg ULO Design Old vs. new - Earth building, which has been left to deteriorate, superseded by concrete structures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605605779430-TCV8MEO177GV2OH37YNI/World%2BBank%2BSection%2Bcropped.jpg ULO Design World Bank Housing Estate - Typical street section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307015266-GYOX07W0LRYT5OBNN7B0/Dudes-Room_f.png ULO Design World Bank Housing Estate - Plan of studio unit shared by husband wife and 2 children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306448113-H0BSE4OSDQCN6DSLBGT8/Grid-map_f.png ULO Design Old natives reservation - grid iron pattern https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306528378-DV80VQNPC0WOH1MYJ60A/column-enugu_f.jpg ULO Design Old natives reservation - View through verandah to courtyard, early town compound https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306615918-LFWZ48AXEJGV7NYK7JIJ/NRL-corner_f.jpg ULO Design Old natives reservation - Early post colonial building built by early town dwellers during first period of urbanisation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306885214-IRCXVAMGQEW31GDHUPRP/FMFUAxo-Base_f.png ULO Design Tenement building - Axonometric drawing of typical tenement building in old natives reservation. Originally built for people moving to newly formed towns for work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307219818-N7KFSV5AY5ZWJXI7M102/FMFU-A4-PLAN_COMBINED_f.png ULO Design Tenement building - Originally built for a single extended family, now several families can occupy one or more rooms. Rooms facing the street can also be rented out as shops https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307464210-9SNW6Z7QC6EXT2M50EL1/image-asset.jpeg ULO Design Tenement building - Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307483146-KZ3KRC8D5PPQH9R8WF20/IMG_1084_f.jpg ULO Design Tenement building - Kitchen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308089398-XYSS3PFWSMXFYO3ARN69/Existing-Site_f.png ULO Design Existing site plan - Development has been rapid, but slower than possible due to the difficulty in titling ancestral lands https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525039-PZU8COH5JRAYP1EFBYLN/Access-rd-1_f.jpg ULO Design Site - Southern access rd, view to East https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525484-S3W3B4F8BWZU0FICQSWZ/Site-main_f.jpg ULO Design Site - Interior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308526541-R6FN7D6P0Y81EEXNBM6M/View-to-richies-from-site_f.jpg ULO Design Site - High income developments are increasing on previously undeveloped land https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605534301573-MORWJKSRUNRFNWPH3YYG/Iso+house+types.jpg ULO Design Typical house types - The creation of a new government complex near the site has made the land more valuable, and many large houses are springing up on the previously undeveloped land. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605540446483-F7LI9F5OR3Q9E53Y4J0N/Typical%2Bpartition.jpg ULO Design Typical settlment pattern - Site as would be typically laid out in a modern housing estate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606209771714-G73C66YZS780FUSGF3UE/Obi+3.jpg ULO Design Final Proposal - View from walkway into central civil space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308944419-UP3E31Q77BVNHNLLGRZH/Principles-v2_f.png ULO Design Relevant Aspects of Igbo Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168827-2KCWJZ1SV1HKSBOX67TC/Site-diagrams1_f.png ULO Design Concept - 5 clusters of residential units, 4 low income and 1 high income, assembled around a central civic communal space, with a hierarchy of open spaces, from the private to the public https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310171004-ZAO1E8JUNTLIMB6YY0ZF/Site-diagrams2_f.png ULO Design Low Rise High Density - Low rise buildings of maximum 3 storeys are used to try and increase density , whilst allowing for ample communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175316-ZBWEN6ADQLBHXI1SE986/Site-diagrams3_f.png ULO Design Security & Access – The peripheral road allows the interior of the site to be car free, and more space for communal use. Due to security issues, a perimeter wall with security post and one point of entry and exit is necessary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175617-OA3M76VYNJLUJHWRKXYY/Site-diagrams4_f.png ULO Design Public & commercial - Commercial activity surrounds and activates the central civic space. At the south of the site a workshop is located which acts as a hub for the building activity during the construction phases as well as incremental additions at later stages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168828-K1PCI6OM1CUGWHOMCDDH/Existing-Site5_f.png ULO Design Mixed Income - Higher income units are located to the north east at the highest and most desirable point of the site. They will help subsidise infrastructure for the rest of the development and promote the idea of alternative building methods from a top-down approach. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310715566-Q06C3ZRAM9ZCJSQV48JV/Overall-axo-base_02_annotated_f.jpg ULO Design Site Model - Residential clusters surround a central communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606311163937-QZXBVEE32YN6O0OL18CQ/Site-section_01_f-.png ULO Design Site Section - the site slopes from the north east to the south west, a height difference of approximately 10m, with the high income cluster located at the highest point of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316425163-XQI8DTTJ269ZQ1M85OE9/Overall+axo+base_02_annotated2.jpg ULO Design Site Overview - The density is in contrast to surrounding plots, which are currently undeveloped due to land titling issues, but will ultimately densify due to urbanisation forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316756261-SVI2K7C883ACAUPOLWDO/Site-plan-V3_f.jpg ULO Design Site Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317004373-ET47RO1YVTO7USKEEVCE/Cluster-axo_02_f.jpg ULO Design Cluster Axonometric – Smaller compound courtyards lead into cluster courtyard and ultimately into the central civic space. 2-3 storey volumes create a low rise high density environment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317187322-F8U01DL4IPMQTD9OWQF9/Elevation-v2_f.png ULO Design Cluster Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317609749-GEYLVJ2TUPAKA1T5EZWG/1_200_BASE_f.png ULO Design Cluster Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606318104675-WDZKZXC2BL23NPJ7Q7VK/Cluster-render_01_f.jpg ULO Design Cluster Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313687-5NNG6HCVUOYCLGG93881/0F_f.png ULO Design Compound Plan - Ground https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313035-K6KIKKZFXVZ2178378CP/1F_f.png ULO Design Compound Plan - First https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319316715-NIDA6UNSP8QYB2TS0NRR/2F_f.png ULO Design Compound Plan - Second https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319567440-BLUFH2XITQ14KPFF922P/Interior-3_f.jpg ULO Design Ground Floor Unit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321806039-65FPBOYCKK8OYJKM6JSL/House-section_f.png ULO Design Compound Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321956467-C2QNH26S6P438T4D3ORI/Detail.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321958460-Y7XCUM9KYYBFTGVZWC0G/Detail2.jpg ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321967333-Z2B3LSYUH0ZCQH9GXG6V/House-section_f.png ULO Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321405288-PCRXUBNNJR1GAEB738W6/incremental_f.gif ULO Design - Incrementality Incrementality - Axonometric diagram showing starting vs infilled states. Temporary bamboo balustrades are used for empty bays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322142701-093W0HBTPLMSYRWJ3Q7X/Incrementality_f.png ULO Design 3 Bedroom flat - Horizontal expansion | 2 - 5 bays | 28m2 - 70m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322143294-5BTHBK19YJ67HPN3207P/Incrementality2_f.png ULO Design 2 Bedroom Maisonette - Vertical expansion | 2 - 4 bays | 28m2 - 56m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322144520-BUIHLNLXL7ZM7W0APFV5/Incrementality3_f.png ULO Design 4 Bedroom House | Vertical expansion | 3-6 bays | 28m2 - 84m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322555325-27QFOW8VPVCYZ38U2PWT/incremental-community_f.png ULO Design Compound development https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322598440-03TN7WNX9IDOGYHTIBUZ/Shop-2_f.jpg ULO Design Central Civic Space - The central space is designed to be multi-purpose in order to cater for larger events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322659402-UXDQPPUVDYQW0DUDVD7O/Communal+elevation+base.jpg ULO Design Central Civic Space - 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Collective housing typology based on freeform architectural investigation into new ways of living in the landscape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605947445100-I2X8GE0IE9VLC6KUH3ZW/2B-Proposal-11-BLOCK-PLAN-500_BW.png Forest Families Block Plan - The form follows the contours of a ridge on a steeply sloping wooded site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605947651169-UBZE29JWNF6CDV0AH08C/GF.png Forest Families Ground - Communal https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605947646380-2ECEL0C3F576J1U3BCXO/1F.png Forest Families First - Private https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605947645837-AUSELE6RV6RUE2HVUZQW/2F.png Forest Families First - Private https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605874560086-DSW0U03H2X9OI6ASWS1S/DSCF1014.jpg Forest Families The communal - Proposed ground floor interior model of a collective housing typology based on atmospheric experiments into new ways of living https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605948150038-MRU09K8PTJ3650SB38DL/External-view.jpg Forest Families External view - The colours and materiality relate to the palette of colours on the wooded site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606128943499-C920O08W8ZL6GZ01I5JB/Plan_v2.jpg Forest Families Site massing model https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605876389600-0AD2OLE6CCOKF1UZWLBE/S_v2.jpg Forest Families Site massing model https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605877641171-SUU65X113VXPCTYYKY8D/Site-test.png Forest Families Site massing tests https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605877344342-CMUTKBQG6S9BE32B0F0Q/Zwicky-Sud-Zwicky-Sud_500_A1.png Forest Families Precedent study - Zwiky Sud Zurich https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605877461931-RNY96CDRQ6I8ZKNGJF3T/Kalkbreite-Kalkbreite_500_A1-no-ano.png Forest Families Precedent study - Kalkbreite Zurich https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605883521595-NCS0RS1TUNN8ZS544QC7/Site-plan-drawing.png Forest Families Site Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606125418662-8X6P2Q3N4HV7S8FY2IQ8/50-Model.jpg Forest Families 1:50 Model https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605876549028-J14EKQ82KUE5ANA3L69Z/Front-Elevation.jpg Forest Families Front Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605876580088-P0I5M5JW1738KGESCX8L/Rear-elevation.jpg Forest Families Rear Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605882092099-M773K3QA8IFSBK50FIP3/TEST2.png Forest Families 1:20 Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605882169758-KHTGC6NCA72BDUAP2OL8/TEST.png Forest Families 1:20 Model https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605883549339-HBYIHGE8DIZ23Y2U2F32/Outside.jpg Forest Families Internal View - Living area https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605947311032-1XPU7LTXEK3J45W2CDVO/Floor-plan-interior.png Forest Families Layout plan - bay structure gives flexibility in terms of function - layouts can range from 1 bedroom apartments to 5 bedroom collective living units. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605883652691-D8XGY640CGQLANHI23TJ/image-asset.jpeg Forest Families Internal View - Dining and kitchen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606125061055-93R35BQOAS687XBBD3U6/Dining.jpg Forest Families https://ulo-design.com/missing-link daily 0.75 2020-11-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605867862812-EFB9B2H1VSSSZI3NT0NN/IMGP5596.jpg Missing link (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605865619472-IC2SAYP8PQ4VATJ8DWBG/V2.jpg Missing link (Copy) River View - The glulam structure allows the bridge to be slender, light and sculptural; an innovation in timber bridge design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605863781423-R980QQEIJ57DJJZ3CJ7R/Norrk%C3%B6ping-1to1000_01.png Missing link (Copy) Site map - Various viewpoints are possible along the winding path, in addition to two key points for seating along the bridge span https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605866946133-55GI12BR1ZNVEHEVFN17/image.jpg Missing link (Copy) Scale model 1:50 - The structure meets the ground with minimal intervention on two sculpted concrete columns allowing original paths to be retained https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605865697915-610DDW7ZQBP128VJ9596/V1_1.jpg Missing link (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605863896620-TCCXE2JVOAQX5ETFTDPP/COW-Elevation.png Missing link (Copy) Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605864051280-AF6XMGVEV033WEG2W421/image-asset.png Missing link (Copy) Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605865911440-EV75I6IKC3432IV2I28C/SOJ---16---ModelPhoto04.jpg Missing link (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605865950998-12BRXFGB0JYKMMKHOJA6/SOJ---24---ModelPhoto12.jpg Missing link (Copy) Seating at widest points https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605866260163-LYJ6XQ47UEISXHDD6NMW/COW-SectionCC.png Missing link (Copy) - Abutment Section (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605866257485-SWGE0QH7H2KQFV0K8MF3/COW-SectionBB.png Missing link (Copy) - Mid-section (Copy) Mid section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605866309804-7CJOXSWQV6Y2N5SJC1T4/image-asset.png Missing link (Copy) Column detail - Block-glued prefabricated glulam sections https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605867110679-WWFKKZ9BE85E8B4AKCE3/Under-straight.jpg Missing link (Copy) A key issue was the experience of the bridge at water level paths https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605867028101-E2NCEU5ORVKJLPTVMM0B/Column-elevation.jpg Missing link (Copy) The underside of the bridge is a strong feature, the sleek horizontal lines of the timber structure adds to its lightness https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605867073218-JEJCQADL1ZF1CKTDXC95/IMGP5596.jpg Missing link (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605867357273-NOY2I7HKFKUR9LH4EYDY/image.jpg Missing link (Copy) https://ulo-design.com/093188058042-2 daily 0.75 2020-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606333611911-XIIM4H7XZPLW497P5RTQ/Obi-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606209771714-G73C66YZS780FUSGF3UE/Obi+3.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Final Proposal - View from walway into central civil space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210191491-R65YAVBVELI2SAD71PM1/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_238_CLEAN_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Village settlement pattern - Example layout showing compounds centred around a ward compound, which are in turn centred around a village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210193326-2VZ2XLPSE6S8DY3RHMK9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_241_CLEAN_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Village group layout - Villages centred around a communal village group centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188335-7EB2E0RH2TUBQO4C9L1S/Dmochowski-combined-2-82_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Rooms are arranged around primary and secondary courtyards https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210196817-UAGT37P9JFG2ZG415CNT/Impluvium-Isometric_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Isometric diagram https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210187609-EECZZYNKL8ZH353HBVSN/Umera-Ozi-Section-EE_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through main courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210204101-62DFLHY8UFG1UVAVSXUG/Umera-Ozi-Section-DD_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through altar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201970-XIC5M16CRUOGT8TLN0HL/Umera-Ozi---front-elevation_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through porch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199745-LB5YY1D6SG9X1ZTSZVVN/Ndi-Aja-compound_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Giant compound type - Houses form of perimeter wall enclosing a courtyard roughly oval in shape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210197652-9Y1G0NTLOO3NHMJWDJT8/long-plan_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Giant Compound Type - Houses are formed from long narrow blocks and compartmentalised into rooms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201488-BKOAFV96X6UY19DELEFU/Okeafor-Ibekwe_plan_f.gif Ụlọ (Copy) Heartland compound type - A walled group of detached dwellings for the male head, his wives and children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188949-QHPZ98GUTJ7AGOSEZWH9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_166_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Construction - Wattle and daub or skeletal structure with mud infilling https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199598-SX9F1IDZBJ03YB4SC0JB/Motifs.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - geometric and Uli decorative motifs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879306-CVH2ROLPPRPJON9K28UM/Door_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Decorative door - Compund entrances were often decorated to reflect the status of their owner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223891449-7WHU930X8CYCHH8G1A2C/Wattle-Daub_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Eroded wattle and daub structure https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223889621-XCWG5AZBCJPWGGLWCK91/VS_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Village Square - tiered seats with tree cover in an square for public activities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868725-ZCR05HYR273HTO2CKOG3/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Forked post - Naturally branched trunk used as post to support mid-purlin of steeply pitched roof https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223870227-XBU9MAHYAWZJCRY490CF/Communal_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Communal building - Thatching the roof of a house in relays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879466-ZYN4F4LS66MU75VPS8EV/End-beam_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Roof supports - short forked posts supported on brackets set into the wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606224645682-PT8TLD07VXB10L5FLKXR/imp+comp_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium compound type - View of impluvium with sacred Egbo tree https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223871250-QP667D8AYQ75IAQJD0DK/Decoration_platespsd_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Clay wall decorated with inserted objects - cowies, enamel and glass https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868867-R57JC1NGYCJZVVSC7WGL/Carved-post_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Carving - Carvings on a forked wooden post https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880508-N0B2ZKLLQBCUTW9S42Z6/Ohafia-Obi_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - View of meeting hall from village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880696-F9MCPAO6S9A358VQ4ZOD/Ohafia-Obu-interior_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Moulded furniture and carved columns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223883292-PTVB41Q8L20BWD5MVGPH/Portico_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Portico - Wall decorations inside portico https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225561860-XO6Z0HZDQESU978CXU96/Umuahia-Map_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Colonial map of Umuahia - The settlement served as an administrative centre and a collecting point for crops and commerce due to the trainline running through it. It was segregated into European and native areas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225940792-P3PFOT65CS12WTELEWWT/Umuahia-new-map_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Current Map - Rapid urbanisation has caused the city to expand into its constituent villages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228104108-9ECG7HYFR47N1W27Y4D1/Gate_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) ”The Gate” - Location of the old market and considered to be the centre of the city https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228467725-WAZ2JLUBZL57G2ALJXE2/Gate-decoration_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Expression - Some gates show signs of decoration bas relief on the concrete surrounds and decorative metal work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228662696-ELD2EB3M33R1XSABBVFP/Intersection_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) City centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303814945-PCFDVCWPJ36ENNN4LQQS/IMG_1014_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Encroachment - streets turned into impromptu trading posts with makeshift platforms over gutters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303845442-EOL4NPY20RYIXLRUMF6O/NRL-corner_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Post colonial house - Typical house built by natives during early urbanisation period https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303906785-093IN4VCS69873CQ3OEB/Old-railway_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Railway - Once a source of the city’s growth it is used infrequently and the space is appropriated by street vendors amongst others https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303987304-EIROORZI66L9I25BJYFP/Typical-apartment-block_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Apartment blocks - Typical of the city centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605606488917-YGV1JCWWUP7BF12QJ5U0/Estate.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Gated housing estate - Developers focus on higher end gated developments that few can afford https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304068304-69MB010NZV5L257BXBLS/Gate-big_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Gatehouse - Wealth can be expressed by the size abd style of compound entrances https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304158992-J5BEURGYWTB53IC7YJA1/Old-vs-new_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old vs. new - Earth building, which has been left to deteriorate, superseded by concrete structures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605605779430-TCV8MEO177GV2OH37YNI/World%2BBank%2BSection%2Bcropped.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) World Bank Housing Estate - Typical street section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307015266-GYOX07W0LRYT5OBNN7B0/Dudes-Room_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) World Bank Housing Estate - Plan of studio unit shared by husband wife and 2 children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306448113-H0BSE4OSDQCN6DSLBGT8/Grid-map_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - grid iron pattern https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306528378-DV80VQNPC0WOH1MYJ60A/column-enugu_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - View through verandah to courtyard, early town compound https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306615918-LFWZ48AXEJGV7NYK7JIJ/NRL-corner_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - Early post colonial building built by early town dwellers during first period of urbanisation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306885214-IRCXVAMGQEW31GDHUPRP/FMFUAxo-Base_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Axonometric drawing of typical tenement building in old natives reservation. Originally built for people moving to newly formed towns for work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307219818-N7KFSV5AY5ZWJXI7M102/FMFU-A4-PLAN_COMBINED_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Originally built for a single extended family, now several families can occupy one or more rooms. Rooms facing the street can also be rented out as shops https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307464210-9SNW6Z7QC6EXT2M50EL1/image-asset.jpeg Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307483146-KZ3KRC8D5PPQH9R8WF20/IMG_1084_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Kitchen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308089398-XYSS3PFWSMXFYO3ARN69/Existing-Site_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Existing site plan - Development has been rapid, but slower than possible due to the difficulty in titling ancestral lands https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525039-PZU8COH5JRAYP1EFBYLN/Access-rd-1_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - Southern access rd, view to East https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525484-S3W3B4F8BWZU0FICQSWZ/Site-main_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - Interior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308526541-R6FN7D6P0Y81EEXNBM6M/View-to-richies-from-site_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - High income developments are increasing on previously undeveloped land https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605534301573-MORWJKSRUNRFNWPH3YYG/Iso+house+types.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Typical house types - The creation of a new government complex near the site has made the land more valuable, and many large houses are springing up on the previously undeveloped land. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605540446483-F7LI9F5OR3Q9E53Y4J0N/Typical%2Bpartition.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Typical settlment pattern - Site as would be typically laid out in a modern housing estate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308944419-UP3E31Q77BVNHNLLGRZH/Principles-v2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Relevant Aspects of Igbo Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168827-2KCWJZ1SV1HKSBOX67TC/Site-diagrams1_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Concept - 5 clusters of residential units, 4 low income and 1 high income, assembled around a central civic communal space, with a hierarchy of open spaces, from the private to the public https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310171004-ZAO1E8JUNTLIMB6YY0ZF/Site-diagrams2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Low Rise High Density - Low rise buildings of maximum 3 storeys are used to try and increase density , whilst allowing for ample communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175316-ZBWEN6ADQLBHXI1SE986/Site-diagrams3_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Security & Access – The peripheral road allows the interior of the site to be car free, and more space for communal use. Due to security issues, a perimeter wall with security post and one point of entry and exit is necessary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175617-OA3M76VYNJLUJHWRKXYY/Site-diagrams4_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Public & commercial - Commercial activity surrounds and activates the central civic space. At the south of the site a workshop is located which acts as a hub for the building activity during the construction phases as well as incremental additions at later stages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168828-K1PCI6OM1CUGWHOMCDDH/Existing-Site5_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Mixed Income - Higher income units are located to the north east at the highest and most desirable point of the site. They will help subsidise infrastructure for the rest of the development and promote the idea of alternative building methods from a top-down approach. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310715566-Q06C3ZRAM9ZCJSQV48JV/Overall-axo-base_02_annotated_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Model - Residential clusters surround a central communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606311163937-QZXBVEE32YN6O0OL18CQ/Site-section_01_f-.png Ụlọ (Copy) Site Section - the site slopes from the north east to the south west, a height difference of approximately 10m, with the high income cluster located at the highest point of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316425163-XQI8DTTJ269ZQ1M85OE9/Overall+axo+base_02_annotated2.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Overview - The density is in contrast to surrounding plots, which are currently undeveloped due to land titling issues, but will ultimately densify due to urbanisation forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316756261-SVI2K7C883ACAUPOLWDO/Site-plan-V3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317004373-ET47RO1YVTO7USKEEVCE/Cluster-axo_02_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Axonometric – Smaller compound courtyards lead into cluster courtyard and ultimately into the central civic space. 2-3 storey volumes create a low rise high density environment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317187322-F8U01DL4IPMQTD9OWQF9/Elevation-v2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317609749-GEYLVJ2TUPAKA1T5EZWG/1_200_BASE_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606318104675-WDZKZXC2BL23NPJ7Q7VK/Cluster-render_01_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313687-5NNG6HCVUOYCLGG93881/0F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - Ground https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313035-K6KIKKZFXVZ2178378CP/1F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - First https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319316715-NIDA6UNSP8QYB2TS0NRR/2F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - Second https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319567440-BLUFH2XITQ14KPFF922P/Interior-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Ground Floor Unit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321806039-65FPBOYCKK8OYJKM6JSL/House-section_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321956467-C2QNH26S6P438T4D3ORI/Detail.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321958460-Y7XCUM9KYYBFTGVZWC0G/Detail2.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321967333-Z2B3LSYUH0ZCQH9GXG6V/House-section_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321405288-PCRXUBNNJR1GAEB738W6/incremental_f.gif Ụlọ (Copy) - Incrementality Incrementality - Axonometric diagram showing starting vs infilled states. Temporary bamboo balustrades are used for empty bays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322142701-093W0HBTPLMSYRWJ3Q7X/Incrementality_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 3 Bedroom flat - Horizontal expansion | 2 - 5 bays | 28m2 - 70m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322143294-5BTHBK19YJ67HPN3207P/Incrementality2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 2 Bedroom Maisonette - Vertical expansion | 2 - 4 bays | 28m2 - 56m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322144520-BUIHLNLXL7ZM7W0APFV5/Incrementality3_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 4 Bedroom House | Vertical expansion | 3-6 bays | 28m2 - 84m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322555325-27QFOW8VPVCYZ38U2PWT/incremental-community_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound development https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322598440-03TN7WNX9IDOGYHTIBUZ/Shop-2_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - The central space is designed to be multi-purpose in order to cater for larger events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322659402-UXDQPPUVDYQW0DUDVD7O/Communal+elevation+base.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322719404-T016RGCSZ16J86QSL3UD/Obi-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - View from walkway around the periphery of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322887512-1HSGAJXLSLKJ2W6IXE4K/Obi-vray_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Exterior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322886975-FOGWPSCRIN16N1ERF13J/Obi-Interior_01_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - The upper floor gives a view of the surroundings whilst taking advantage of the south-westerly prevailing wind https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322894588-UEK735NODF03IMWRHE78/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Reference https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330783587-4PPAPYDO5RTE9UHQYW57/Obi-Section_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330919733-XUNQTRXPN8MS0S15822Q/Wall_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Boundary Wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622421608-7ZHI7Z89FMPR1PIC3WR4/Decoration3.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Brick screens https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622361661-OP6NC60GYOBFNW2JZ8IS/Decoration.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Brick paved walkways https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622395493-C7TKSWJ7H1E9AQZ767C4/Decoration2.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Decorative blocks https://ulo-design.com/093188058042-1 daily 0.75 2020-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606333611911-XIIM4H7XZPLW497P5RTQ/Obi-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606209771714-G73C66YZS780FUSGF3UE/Obi+3.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Final Proposal - View from walway into central civil space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210191491-R65YAVBVELI2SAD71PM1/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_238_CLEAN_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Village settlement pattern - Example layout showing compounds centred around a ward compound, which are in turn centred around a village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210193326-2VZ2XLPSE6S8DY3RHMK9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_241_CLEAN_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Village group layout - Villages centred around a communal village group centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188335-7EB2E0RH2TUBQO4C9L1S/Dmochowski-combined-2-82_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Rooms are arranged around primary and secondary courtyards https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210196817-UAGT37P9JFG2ZG415CNT/Impluvium-Isometric_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Isometric diagram https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210187609-EECZZYNKL8ZH353HBVSN/Umera-Ozi-Section-EE_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through main courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210204101-62DFLHY8UFG1UVAVSXUG/Umera-Ozi-Section-DD_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through altar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201970-XIC5M16CRUOGT8TLN0HL/Umera-Ozi---front-elevation_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through porch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199745-LB5YY1D6SG9X1ZTSZVVN/Ndi-Aja-compound_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Giant compound type - Houses form of perimeter wall enclosing a courtyard roughly oval in shape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210197652-9Y1G0NTLOO3NHMJWDJT8/long-plan_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Giant Compound Type - Houses are formed from long narrow blocks and compartmentalised into rooms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201488-BKOAFV96X6UY19DELEFU/Okeafor-Ibekwe_plan_f.gif Ụlọ (Copy) Heartland compound type - A walled group of detached dwellings for the male head, his wives and children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188949-QHPZ98GUTJ7AGOSEZWH9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_166_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Construction - Wattle and daub or skeletal structure with mud infilling https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199598-SX9F1IDZBJ03YB4SC0JB/Motifs.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - geometric and Uli decorative motifs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879306-CVH2ROLPPRPJON9K28UM/Door_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Decorative door - Compund entrances were often decorated to reflect the status of their owner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223891449-7WHU930X8CYCHH8G1A2C/Wattle-Daub_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Eroded wattle and daub structure https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223889621-XCWG5AZBCJPWGGLWCK91/VS_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Village Square - tiered seats with tree cover in an square for public activities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868725-ZCR05HYR273HTO2CKOG3/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Forked post - Naturally branched trunk used as post to support mid-purlin of steeply pitched roof https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223870227-XBU9MAHYAWZJCRY490CF/Communal_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Communal building - Thatching the roof of a house in relays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879466-ZYN4F4LS66MU75VPS8EV/End-beam_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Roof supports - short forked posts supported on brackets set into the wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606224645682-PT8TLD07VXB10L5FLKXR/imp+comp_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium compound type - View of impluvium with sacred Egbo tree https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223871250-QP667D8AYQ75IAQJD0DK/Decoration_platespsd_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Clay wall decorated with inserted objects - cowies, enamel and glass https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868867-R57JC1NGYCJZVVSC7WGL/Carved-post_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Carving - Carvings on a forked wooden post https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880508-N0B2ZKLLQBCUTW9S42Z6/Ohafia-Obi_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - View of meeting hall from village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880696-F9MCPAO6S9A358VQ4ZOD/Ohafia-Obu-interior_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Moulded furniture and carved columns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223883292-PTVB41Q8L20BWD5MVGPH/Portico_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Portico - Wall decorations inside portico https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225561860-XO6Z0HZDQESU978CXU96/Umuahia-Map_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Colonial map of Umuahia - The settlement served as an administrative centre and a collecting point for crops and commerce due to the trainline running through it. It was segregated into European and native areas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225940792-P3PFOT65CS12WTELEWWT/Umuahia-new-map_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Current Map - Rapid urbanisation has caused the city to expand into its constituent villages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228104108-9ECG7HYFR47N1W27Y4D1/Gate_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) ”The Gate” - Location of the old market and considered to be the centre of the city https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228467725-WAZ2JLUBZL57G2ALJXE2/Gate-decoration_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Expression - Some gates show signs of decoration bas relief on the concrete surrounds and decorative metal work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228662696-ELD2EB3M33R1XSABBVFP/Intersection_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) City centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303814945-PCFDVCWPJ36ENNN4LQQS/IMG_1014_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Encroachment - streets turned into impromptu trading posts with makeshift platforms over gutters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303845442-EOL4NPY20RYIXLRUMF6O/NRL-corner_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Post colonial house - Typical house built by natives during early urbanisation period https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303906785-093IN4VCS69873CQ3OEB/Old-railway_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Railway - Once a source of the city’s growth it is used infrequently and the space is appropriated by street vendors amongst others https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303987304-EIROORZI66L9I25BJYFP/Typical-apartment-block_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Apartment blocks - Typical of the city centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605606488917-YGV1JCWWUP7BF12QJ5U0/Estate.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Gated housing estate - Developers focus on higher end gated developments that few can afford https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304068304-69MB010NZV5L257BXBLS/Gate-big_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Gatehouse - Wealth can be expressed by the size abd style of compound entrances https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304158992-J5BEURGYWTB53IC7YJA1/Old-vs-new_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old vs. new - Earth building, which has been left to deteriorate, superseded by concrete structures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605605779430-TCV8MEO177GV2OH37YNI/World%2BBank%2BSection%2Bcropped.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) World Bank Housing Estate - Typical street section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307015266-GYOX07W0LRYT5OBNN7B0/Dudes-Room_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) World Bank Housing Estate - Plan of studio unit shared by husband wife and 2 children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306448113-H0BSE4OSDQCN6DSLBGT8/Grid-map_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - grid iron pattern https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306528378-DV80VQNPC0WOH1MYJ60A/column-enugu_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - View through verandah to courtyard, early town compound https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306615918-LFWZ48AXEJGV7NYK7JIJ/NRL-corner_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - Early post colonial building built by early town dwellers during first period of urbanisation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306885214-IRCXVAMGQEW31GDHUPRP/FMFUAxo-Base_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Axonometric drawing of typical tenement building in old natives reservation. Originally built for people moving to newly formed towns for work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307219818-N7KFSV5AY5ZWJXI7M102/FMFU-A4-PLAN_COMBINED_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Originally built for a single extended family, now several families can occupy one or more rooms. Rooms facing the street can also be rented out as shops https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307464210-9SNW6Z7QC6EXT2M50EL1/image-asset.jpeg Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307483146-KZ3KRC8D5PPQH9R8WF20/IMG_1084_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Kitchen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308089398-XYSS3PFWSMXFYO3ARN69/Existing-Site_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Existing site plan - Development has been rapid, but slower than possible due to the difficulty in titling ancestral lands https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525039-PZU8COH5JRAYP1EFBYLN/Access-rd-1_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - Southern access rd, view to East https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525484-S3W3B4F8BWZU0FICQSWZ/Site-main_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - Interior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308526541-R6FN7D6P0Y81EEXNBM6M/View-to-richies-from-site_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - High income developments are increasing on previously undeveloped land https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605534301573-MORWJKSRUNRFNWPH3YYG/Iso+house+types.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Typical house types - The creation of a new government complex near the site has made the land more valuable, and many large houses are springing up on the previously undeveloped land. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605540446483-F7LI9F5OR3Q9E53Y4J0N/Typical%2Bpartition.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Typical settlment pattern - Site as would be typically laid out in a modern housing estate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308944419-UP3E31Q77BVNHNLLGRZH/Principles-v2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Relevant Aspects of Igbo Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168827-2KCWJZ1SV1HKSBOX67TC/Site-diagrams1_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Concept - 5 clusters of residential units, 4 low income and 1 high income, assembled around a central civic communal space, with a hierarchy of open spaces, from the private to the public https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310171004-ZAO1E8JUNTLIMB6YY0ZF/Site-diagrams2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Low Rise High Density - Low rise buildings of maximum 3 storeys are used to try and increase density , whilst allowing for ample communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175316-ZBWEN6ADQLBHXI1SE986/Site-diagrams3_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Security & Access – The peripheral road allows the interior of the site to be car free, and more space for communal use. Due to security issues, a perimeter wall with security post and one point of entry and exit is necessary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175617-OA3M76VYNJLUJHWRKXYY/Site-diagrams4_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Public & commercial - Commercial activity surrounds and activates the central civic space. At the south of the site a workshop is located which acts as a hub for the building activity during the construction phases as well as incremental additions at later stages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168828-K1PCI6OM1CUGWHOMCDDH/Existing-Site5_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Mixed Income - Higher income units are located to the north east at the highest and most desirable point of the site. They will help subsidise infrastructure for the rest of the development and promote the idea of alternative building methods from a top-down approach. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310715566-Q06C3ZRAM9ZCJSQV48JV/Overall-axo-base_02_annotated_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Model - Residential clusters surround a central communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606311163937-QZXBVEE32YN6O0OL18CQ/Site-section_01_f-.png Ụlọ (Copy) Site Section - the site slopes from the north east to the south west, a height difference of approximately 10m, with the high income cluster located at the highest point of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316425163-XQI8DTTJ269ZQ1M85OE9/Overall+axo+base_02_annotated2.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Overview - The density is in contrast to surrounding plots, which are currently undeveloped due to land titling issues, but will ultimately densify due to urbanisation forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316756261-SVI2K7C883ACAUPOLWDO/Site-plan-V3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317004373-ET47RO1YVTO7USKEEVCE/Cluster-axo_02_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Axonometric – Smaller compound courtyards lead into cluster courtyard and ultimately into the central civic space. 2-3 storey volumes create a low rise high density environment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317187322-F8U01DL4IPMQTD9OWQF9/Elevation-v2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317609749-GEYLVJ2TUPAKA1T5EZWG/1_200_BASE_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606318104675-WDZKZXC2BL23NPJ7Q7VK/Cluster-render_01_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313687-5NNG6HCVUOYCLGG93881/0F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - Ground https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313035-K6KIKKZFXVZ2178378CP/1F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - First https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319316715-NIDA6UNSP8QYB2TS0NRR/2F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - Second https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319567440-BLUFH2XITQ14KPFF922P/Interior-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Ground Floor Unit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321806039-65FPBOYCKK8OYJKM6JSL/House-section_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321956467-C2QNH26S6P438T4D3ORI/Detail.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321958460-Y7XCUM9KYYBFTGVZWC0G/Detail2.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321967333-Z2B3LSYUH0ZCQH9GXG6V/House-section_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321405288-PCRXUBNNJR1GAEB738W6/incremental_f.gif Ụlọ (Copy) - Incrementality Incrementality - Axonometric diagram showing starting vs infilled states. Temporary bamboo balustrades are used for empty bays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322142701-093W0HBTPLMSYRWJ3Q7X/Incrementality_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 3 Bedroom flat - Horizontal expansion | 2 - 5 bays | 28m2 - 70m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322143294-5BTHBK19YJ67HPN3207P/Incrementality2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 2 Bedroom Maisonette - Vertical expansion | 2 - 4 bays | 28m2 - 56m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322144520-BUIHLNLXL7ZM7W0APFV5/Incrementality3_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 4 Bedroom House | Vertical expansion | 3-6 bays | 28m2 - 84m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322555325-27QFOW8VPVCYZ38U2PWT/incremental-community_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound development https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322598440-03TN7WNX9IDOGYHTIBUZ/Shop-2_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - The central space is designed to be multi-purpose in order to cater for larger events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322659402-UXDQPPUVDYQW0DUDVD7O/Communal+elevation+base.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322719404-T016RGCSZ16J86QSL3UD/Obi-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - View from walkway around the periphery of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322887512-1HSGAJXLSLKJ2W6IXE4K/Obi-vray_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Exterior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322886975-FOGWPSCRIN16N1ERF13J/Obi-Interior_01_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - The upper floor gives a view of the surroundings whilst taking advantage of the south-westerly prevailing wind https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322894588-UEK735NODF03IMWRHE78/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Reference https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330783587-4PPAPYDO5RTE9UHQYW57/Obi-Section_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330919733-XUNQTRXPN8MS0S15822Q/Wall_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Boundary Wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622421608-7ZHI7Z89FMPR1PIC3WR4/Decoration3.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Brick screens https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622361661-OP6NC60GYOBFNW2JZ8IS/Decoration.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Brick paved walkways https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622395493-C7TKSWJ7H1E9AQZ767C4/Decoration2.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Decorative blocks https://ulo-design.com/093188058042-3 daily 0.75 2020-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606333611911-XIIM4H7XZPLW497P5RTQ/Obi-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606209771714-G73C66YZS780FUSGF3UE/Obi+3.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Final Proposal - View from walway into central civil space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210191491-R65YAVBVELI2SAD71PM1/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_238_CLEAN_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Village settlement pattern - Example layout showing compounds centred around a ward compound, which are in turn centred around a village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210193326-2VZ2XLPSE6S8DY3RHMK9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_241_CLEAN_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Village group layout - Villages centred around a communal village group centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188335-7EB2E0RH2TUBQO4C9L1S/Dmochowski-combined-2-82_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Rooms are arranged around primary and secondary courtyards https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210196817-UAGT37P9JFG2ZG415CNT/Impluvium-Isometric_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Isometric diagram https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210187609-EECZZYNKL8ZH353HBVSN/Umera-Ozi-Section-EE_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through main courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210204101-62DFLHY8UFG1UVAVSXUG/Umera-Ozi-Section-DD_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through altar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201970-XIC5M16CRUOGT8TLN0HL/Umera-Ozi---front-elevation_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through porch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199745-LB5YY1D6SG9X1ZTSZVVN/Ndi-Aja-compound_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Giant compound type - Houses form of perimeter wall enclosing a courtyard roughly oval in shape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210197652-9Y1G0NTLOO3NHMJWDJT8/long-plan_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Giant Compound Type - Houses are formed from long narrow blocks and compartmentalised into rooms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201488-BKOAFV96X6UY19DELEFU/Okeafor-Ibekwe_plan_f.gif Ụlọ (Copy) Heartland compound type - A walled group of detached dwellings for the male head, his wives and children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188949-QHPZ98GUTJ7AGOSEZWH9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_166_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Construction - Wattle and daub or skeletal structure with mud infilling https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199598-SX9F1IDZBJ03YB4SC0JB/Motifs.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - geometric and Uli decorative motifs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879306-CVH2ROLPPRPJON9K28UM/Door_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Decorative door - Compund entrances were often decorated to reflect the status of their owner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223891449-7WHU930X8CYCHH8G1A2C/Wattle-Daub_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Eroded wattle and daub structure https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223889621-XCWG5AZBCJPWGGLWCK91/VS_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Village Square - tiered seats with tree cover in an square for public activities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868725-ZCR05HYR273HTO2CKOG3/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Forked post - Naturally branched trunk used as post to support mid-purlin of steeply pitched roof https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223870227-XBU9MAHYAWZJCRY490CF/Communal_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Communal building - Thatching the roof of a house in relays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879466-ZYN4F4LS66MU75VPS8EV/End-beam_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Roof supports - short forked posts supported on brackets set into the wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606224645682-PT8TLD07VXB10L5FLKXR/imp+comp_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium compound type - View of impluvium with sacred Egbo tree https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223871250-QP667D8AYQ75IAQJD0DK/Decoration_platespsd_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Clay wall decorated with inserted objects - cowies, enamel and glass https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868867-R57JC1NGYCJZVVSC7WGL/Carved-post_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Carving - Carvings on a forked wooden post https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880508-N0B2ZKLLQBCUTW9S42Z6/Ohafia-Obi_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - View of meeting hall from village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880696-F9MCPAO6S9A358VQ4ZOD/Ohafia-Obu-interior_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Moulded furniture and carved columns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223883292-PTVB41Q8L20BWD5MVGPH/Portico_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Portico - Wall decorations inside portico https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225561860-XO6Z0HZDQESU978CXU96/Umuahia-Map_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Colonial map of Umuahia - The settlement served as an administrative centre and a collecting point for crops and commerce due to the trainline running through it. It was segregated into European and native areas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225940792-P3PFOT65CS12WTELEWWT/Umuahia-new-map_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Current Map - Rapid urbanisation has caused the city to expand into its constituent villages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228104108-9ECG7HYFR47N1W27Y4D1/Gate_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) ”The Gate” - Location of the old market and considered to be the centre of the city https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228467725-WAZ2JLUBZL57G2ALJXE2/Gate-decoration_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Expression - Some gates show signs of decoration bas relief on the concrete surrounds and decorative metal work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228662696-ELD2EB3M33R1XSABBVFP/Intersection_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) City centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303814945-PCFDVCWPJ36ENNN4LQQS/IMG_1014_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Encroachment - streets turned into impromptu trading posts with makeshift platforms over gutters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303845442-EOL4NPY20RYIXLRUMF6O/NRL-corner_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Post colonial house - Typical house built by natives during early urbanisation period https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303906785-093IN4VCS69873CQ3OEB/Old-railway_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Railway - Once a source of the city’s growth it is used infrequently and the space is appropriated by street vendors amongst others https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303987304-EIROORZI66L9I25BJYFP/Typical-apartment-block_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Apartment blocks - Typical of the city centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605606488917-YGV1JCWWUP7BF12QJ5U0/Estate.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Gated housing estate - Developers focus on higher end gated developments that few can afford https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304068304-69MB010NZV5L257BXBLS/Gate-big_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Gatehouse - Wealth can be expressed by the size abd style of compound entrances https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304158992-J5BEURGYWTB53IC7YJA1/Old-vs-new_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old vs. new - Earth building, which has been left to deteriorate, superseded by concrete structures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605605779430-TCV8MEO177GV2OH37YNI/World%2BBank%2BSection%2Bcropped.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) World Bank Housing Estate - Typical street section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307015266-GYOX07W0LRYT5OBNN7B0/Dudes-Room_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) World Bank Housing Estate - Plan of studio unit shared by husband wife and 2 children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306448113-H0BSE4OSDQCN6DSLBGT8/Grid-map_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - grid iron pattern https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306528378-DV80VQNPC0WOH1MYJ60A/column-enugu_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - View through verandah to courtyard, early town compound https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306615918-LFWZ48AXEJGV7NYK7JIJ/NRL-corner_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - Early post colonial building built by early town dwellers during first period of urbanisation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306885214-IRCXVAMGQEW31GDHUPRP/FMFUAxo-Base_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Axonometric drawing of typical tenement building in old natives reservation. Originally built for people moving to newly formed towns for work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307219818-N7KFSV5AY5ZWJXI7M102/FMFU-A4-PLAN_COMBINED_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Originally built for a single extended family, now several families can occupy one or more rooms. Rooms facing the street can also be rented out as shops https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307464210-9SNW6Z7QC6EXT2M50EL1/image-asset.jpeg Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307483146-KZ3KRC8D5PPQH9R8WF20/IMG_1084_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Kitchen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308089398-XYSS3PFWSMXFYO3ARN69/Existing-Site_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Existing site plan - Development has been rapid, but slower than possible due to the difficulty in titling ancestral lands https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525039-PZU8COH5JRAYP1EFBYLN/Access-rd-1_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - Southern access rd, view to East https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525484-S3W3B4F8BWZU0FICQSWZ/Site-main_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - Interior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308526541-R6FN7D6P0Y81EEXNBM6M/View-to-richies-from-site_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - High income developments are increasing on previously undeveloped land https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605534301573-MORWJKSRUNRFNWPH3YYG/Iso+house+types.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Typical house types - The creation of a new government complex near the site has made the land more valuable, and many large houses are springing up on the previously undeveloped land. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605540446483-F7LI9F5OR3Q9E53Y4J0N/Typical%2Bpartition.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Typical settlment pattern - Site as would be typically laid out in a modern housing estate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308944419-UP3E31Q77BVNHNLLGRZH/Principles-v2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Relevant Aspects of Igbo Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168827-2KCWJZ1SV1HKSBOX67TC/Site-diagrams1_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Concept - 5 clusters of residential units, 4 low income and 1 high income, assembled around a central civic communal space, with a hierarchy of open spaces, from the private to the public https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310171004-ZAO1E8JUNTLIMB6YY0ZF/Site-diagrams2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Low Rise High Density - Low rise buildings of maximum 3 storeys are used to try and increase density , whilst allowing for ample communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175316-ZBWEN6ADQLBHXI1SE986/Site-diagrams3_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Security & Access – The peripheral road allows the interior of the site to be car free, and more space for communal use. Due to security issues, a perimeter wall with security post and one point of entry and exit is necessary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175617-OA3M76VYNJLUJHWRKXYY/Site-diagrams4_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Public & commercial - Commercial activity surrounds and activates the central civic space. At the south of the site a workshop is located which acts as a hub for the building activity during the construction phases as well as incremental additions at later stages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168828-K1PCI6OM1CUGWHOMCDDH/Existing-Site5_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Mixed Income - Higher income units are located to the north east at the highest and most desirable point of the site. They will help subsidise infrastructure for the rest of the development and promote the idea of alternative building methods from a top-down approach. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310715566-Q06C3ZRAM9ZCJSQV48JV/Overall-axo-base_02_annotated_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Model - Residential clusters surround a central communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606311163937-QZXBVEE32YN6O0OL18CQ/Site-section_01_f-.png Ụlọ (Copy) Site Section - the site slopes from the north east to the south west, a height difference of approximately 10m, with the high income cluster located at the highest point of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316425163-XQI8DTTJ269ZQ1M85OE9/Overall+axo+base_02_annotated2.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Overview - The density is in contrast to surrounding plots, which are currently undeveloped due to land titling issues, but will ultimately densify due to urbanisation forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316756261-SVI2K7C883ACAUPOLWDO/Site-plan-V3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317004373-ET47RO1YVTO7USKEEVCE/Cluster-axo_02_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Axonometric – Smaller compound courtyards lead into cluster courtyard and ultimately into the central civic space. 2-3 storey volumes create a low rise high density environment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317187322-F8U01DL4IPMQTD9OWQF9/Elevation-v2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317609749-GEYLVJ2TUPAKA1T5EZWG/1_200_BASE_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606318104675-WDZKZXC2BL23NPJ7Q7VK/Cluster-render_01_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313687-5NNG6HCVUOYCLGG93881/0F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - Ground https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313035-K6KIKKZFXVZ2178378CP/1F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - First https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319316715-NIDA6UNSP8QYB2TS0NRR/2F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - Second https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319567440-BLUFH2XITQ14KPFF922P/Interior-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Ground Floor Unit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321806039-65FPBOYCKK8OYJKM6JSL/House-section_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321956467-C2QNH26S6P438T4D3ORI/Detail.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321958460-Y7XCUM9KYYBFTGVZWC0G/Detail2.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321967333-Z2B3LSYUH0ZCQH9GXG6V/House-section_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321405288-PCRXUBNNJR1GAEB738W6/incremental_f.gif Ụlọ (Copy) - Incrementality Incrementality - Axonometric diagram showing starting vs infilled states. Temporary bamboo balustrades are used for empty bays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322142701-093W0HBTPLMSYRWJ3Q7X/Incrementality_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 3 Bedroom flat - Horizontal expansion | 2 - 5 bays | 28m2 - 70m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322143294-5BTHBK19YJ67HPN3207P/Incrementality2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 2 Bedroom Maisonette - Vertical expansion | 2 - 4 bays | 28m2 - 56m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322144520-BUIHLNLXL7ZM7W0APFV5/Incrementality3_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 4 Bedroom House | Vertical expansion | 3-6 bays | 28m2 - 84m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322555325-27QFOW8VPVCYZ38U2PWT/incremental-community_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound development https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322598440-03TN7WNX9IDOGYHTIBUZ/Shop-2_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - The central space is designed to be multi-purpose in order to cater for larger events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322659402-UXDQPPUVDYQW0DUDVD7O/Communal+elevation+base.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322719404-T016RGCSZ16J86QSL3UD/Obi-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - View from walkway around the periphery of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322887512-1HSGAJXLSLKJ2W6IXE4K/Obi-vray_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Exterior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322886975-FOGWPSCRIN16N1ERF13J/Obi-Interior_01_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - The upper floor gives a view of the surroundings whilst taking advantage of the south-westerly prevailing wind https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322894588-UEK735NODF03IMWRHE78/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Reference https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330783587-4PPAPYDO5RTE9UHQYW57/Obi-Section_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330919733-XUNQTRXPN8MS0S15822Q/Wall_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Boundary Wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622421608-7ZHI7Z89FMPR1PIC3WR4/Decoration3.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Brick screens https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622361661-OP6NC60GYOBFNW2JZ8IS/Decoration.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Brick paved walkways https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622395493-C7TKSWJ7H1E9AQZ767C4/Decoration2.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Decorative blocks https://ulo-design.com/l-copy-v2 daily 0.75 2020-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606333611911-XIIM4H7XZPLW497P5RTQ/Obi-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606209771714-G73C66YZS780FUSGF3UE/Obi+3.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Final Proposal - View from walway into central civil space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210191491-R65YAVBVELI2SAD71PM1/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_238_CLEAN_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Village settlement pattern - Example layout showing compounds centred around a ward compound, which are in turn centred around a village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210193326-2VZ2XLPSE6S8DY3RHMK9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_241_CLEAN_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Village group layout - Villages centred around a communal village group centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188335-7EB2E0RH2TUBQO4C9L1S/Dmochowski-combined-2-82_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Impluvium type compound - Rooms are arranged around primary and secondary courtyards https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210196817-UAGT37P9JFG2ZG415CNT/Impluvium-Isometric_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Impluvium type compound - Isometric diagram https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210187609-EECZZYNKL8ZH353HBVSN/Umera-Ozi-Section-EE_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Impluvium type compound - Section through main courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210204101-62DFLHY8UFG1UVAVSXUG/Umera-Ozi-Section-DD_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Impluvium type compound - Section through altar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201970-XIC5M16CRUOGT8TLN0HL/Umera-Ozi---front-elevation_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Impluvium type compound - Section through porch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199745-LB5YY1D6SG9X1ZTSZVVN/Ndi-Aja-compound_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Giant compound type - Houses form of perimeter wall enclosing a courtyard roughly oval in shape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210197652-9Y1G0NTLOO3NHMJWDJT8/long-plan_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Giant Compound Type - Houses are formed from long narrow blocks and compartmentalised into rooms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201488-BKOAFV96X6UY19DELEFU/Okeafor-Ibekwe_plan_f.gif Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Heartland compound type - A walled group of detached dwellings for the male head, his wives and children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188949-QHPZ98GUTJ7AGOSEZWH9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_166_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Construction - Wattle and daub or skeletal structure with mud infilling https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199598-SX9F1IDZBJ03YB4SC0JB/Motifs.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Decoration - geometric and Uli decorative motifs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879306-CVH2ROLPPRPJON9K28UM/Door_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Decorative door - Compund entrances were often decorated to reflect the status of their owner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223891449-7WHU930X8CYCHH8G1A2C/Wattle-Daub_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Eroded wattle and daub structure https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223889621-XCWG5AZBCJPWGGLWCK91/VS_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Village Square - tiered seats with tree cover in an square for public activities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868725-ZCR05HYR273HTO2CKOG3/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Forked post - Naturally branched trunk used as post to support mid-purlin of steeply pitched roof https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223870227-XBU9MAHYAWZJCRY490CF/Communal_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Communal building - Thatching the roof of a house in relays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879466-ZYN4F4LS66MU75VPS8EV/End-beam_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Roof supports - short forked posts supported on brackets set into the wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606224645682-PT8TLD07VXB10L5FLKXR/imp+comp_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Impluvium compound type - View of impluvium with sacred Egbo tree https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223871250-QP667D8AYQ75IAQJD0DK/Decoration_platespsd_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Decoration - Clay wall decorated with inserted objects - cowies, enamel and glass https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868867-R57JC1NGYCJZVVSC7WGL/Carved-post_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Carving - Carvings on a forked wooden post https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880508-N0B2ZKLLQBCUTW9S42Z6/Ohafia-Obi_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Meeting Hall - View of meeting hall from village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880696-F9MCPAO6S9A358VQ4ZOD/Ohafia-Obu-interior_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Meeting Hall - Moulded furniture and carved columns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223883292-PTVB41Q8L20BWD5MVGPH/Portico_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Portico - Wall decorations inside portico https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225561860-XO6Z0HZDQESU978CXU96/Umuahia-Map_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Colonial map of Umuahia - The settlement served as an administrative centre and a collecting point for crops and commerce due to the trainline running through it. It was segregated into European and native areas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225940792-P3PFOT65CS12WTELEWWT/Umuahia-new-map_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Current Map - Rapid urbanisation has caused the city to expand into its constituent villages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228104108-9ECG7HYFR47N1W27Y4D1/Gate_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 ”The Gate” - Location of the old market and considered to be the centre of the city https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228467725-WAZ2JLUBZL57G2ALJXE2/Gate-decoration_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Expression - Some gates show signs of decoration bas relief on the concrete surrounds and decorative metal work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228662696-ELD2EB3M33R1XSABBVFP/Intersection_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 City centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303814945-PCFDVCWPJ36ENNN4LQQS/IMG_1014_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Encroachment - streets turned into impromptu trading posts with makeshift platforms over gutters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303845442-EOL4NPY20RYIXLRUMF6O/NRL-corner_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Post colonial house - Typical house built by natives during early urbanisation period https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303906785-093IN4VCS69873CQ3OEB/Old-railway_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Railway - Once a source of the city’s growth it is used infrequently and the space is appropriated by street vendors amongst others https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303987304-EIROORZI66L9I25BJYFP/Typical-apartment-block_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Apartment blocks - Typical of the city centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605606488917-YGV1JCWWUP7BF12QJ5U0/Estate.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Gated housing estate - Developers focus on higher end gated developments that few can afford https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304068304-69MB010NZV5L257BXBLS/Gate-big_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Gatehouse - Wealth can be expressed by the size abd style of compound entrances https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304158992-J5BEURGYWTB53IC7YJA1/Old-vs-new_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Old vs. new - Earth building, which has been left to deteriorate, superseded by concrete structures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605605779430-TCV8MEO177GV2OH37YNI/World%2BBank%2BSection%2Bcropped.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 World Bank Housing Estate - Typical street section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307015266-GYOX07W0LRYT5OBNN7B0/Dudes-Room_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 World Bank Housing Estate - Plan of studio unit shared by husband wife and 2 children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306448113-H0BSE4OSDQCN6DSLBGT8/Grid-map_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Old natives reservation - grid iron pattern https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306528378-DV80VQNPC0WOH1MYJ60A/column-enugu_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Old natives reservation - View through verandah to courtyard, early town compound https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306615918-LFWZ48AXEJGV7NYK7JIJ/NRL-corner_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Old natives reservation - Early post colonial building built by early town dwellers during first period of urbanisation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306885214-IRCXVAMGQEW31GDHUPRP/FMFUAxo-Base_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Tenement building - Axonometric drawing of typical tenement building in old natives reservation. Originally built for people moving to newly formed towns for work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307219818-N7KFSV5AY5ZWJXI7M102/FMFU-A4-PLAN_COMBINED_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Tenement building - Originally built for a single extended family, now several families can occupy one or more rooms. Rooms facing the street can also be rented out as shops https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307464210-9SNW6Z7QC6EXT2M50EL1/image-asset.jpeg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Tenement building - Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307483146-KZ3KRC8D5PPQH9R8WF20/IMG_1084_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Tenement building - Kitchen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308089398-XYSS3PFWSMXFYO3ARN69/Existing-Site_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Existing site plan - Development has been rapid, but slower than possible due to the difficulty in titling ancestral lands https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525039-PZU8COH5JRAYP1EFBYLN/Access-rd-1_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Site - Southern access rd, view to East https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525484-S3W3B4F8BWZU0FICQSWZ/Site-main_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Site - Interior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308526541-R6FN7D6P0Y81EEXNBM6M/View-to-richies-from-site_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Site - High income developments are increasing on previously undeveloped land https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605534301573-MORWJKSRUNRFNWPH3YYG/Iso+house+types.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Typical house types - The creation of a new government complex near the site has made the land more valuable, and many large houses are springing up on the previously undeveloped land. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605540446483-F7LI9F5OR3Q9E53Y4J0N/Typical%2Bpartition.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Typical settlment pattern - Site as would be typically laid out in a modern housing estate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308944419-UP3E31Q77BVNHNLLGRZH/Principles-v2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Relevant Aspects of Igbo Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168827-2KCWJZ1SV1HKSBOX67TC/Site-diagrams1_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Concept - 5 clusters of residential units, 4 low income and 1 high income, assembled around a central civic communal space, with a hierarchy of open spaces, from the private to the public https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310171004-ZAO1E8JUNTLIMB6YY0ZF/Site-diagrams2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Low Rise High Density - Low rise buildings of maximum 3 storeys are used to try and increase density , whilst allowing for ample communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175316-ZBWEN6ADQLBHXI1SE986/Site-diagrams3_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Security & Access – The peripheral road allows the interior of the site to be car free, and more space for communal use. Due to security issues, a perimeter wall with security post and one point of entry and exit is necessary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175617-OA3M76VYNJLUJHWRKXYY/Site-diagrams4_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Public & commercial - Commercial activity surrounds and activates the central civic space. At the south of the site a workshop is located which acts as a hub for the building activity during the construction phases as well as incremental additions at later stages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168828-K1PCI6OM1CUGWHOMCDDH/Existing-Site5_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Mixed Income - Higher income units are located to the north east at the highest and most desirable point of the site. They will help subsidise infrastructure for the rest of the development and promote the idea of alternative building methods from a top-down approach. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310715566-Q06C3ZRAM9ZCJSQV48JV/Overall-axo-base_02_annotated_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Site Model - Residential clusters surround a central communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606311163937-QZXBVEE32YN6O0OL18CQ/Site-section_01_f-.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Site Section - the site slopes from the north east to the south west, a height difference of approximately 10m, with the high income cluster located at the highest point of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316425163-XQI8DTTJ269ZQ1M85OE9/Overall+axo+base_02_annotated2.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Site Overview - The density is in contrast to surrounding plots, which are currently undeveloped due to land titling issues, but will ultimately densify due to urbanisation forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316756261-SVI2K7C883ACAUPOLWDO/Site-plan-V3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Site Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317004373-ET47RO1YVTO7USKEEVCE/Cluster-axo_02_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Cluster Axonometric – Smaller compound courtyards lead into cluster courtyard and ultimately into the central civic space. 2-3 storey volumes create a low rise high density environment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317187322-F8U01DL4IPMQTD9OWQF9/Elevation-v2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Cluster Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317609749-GEYLVJ2TUPAKA1T5EZWG/1_200_BASE_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Cluster Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606318104675-WDZKZXC2BL23NPJ7Q7VK/Cluster-render_01_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Cluster Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313687-5NNG6HCVUOYCLGG93881/0F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Compound Plan - Ground https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313035-K6KIKKZFXVZ2178378CP/1F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Compound Plan - First https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319316715-NIDA6UNSP8QYB2TS0NRR/2F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Compound Plan - Second https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319567440-BLUFH2XITQ14KPFF922P/Interior-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Ground Floor Unit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321806039-65FPBOYCKK8OYJKM6JSL/House-section_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Compound Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321956467-C2QNH26S6P438T4D3ORI/Detail.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321958460-Y7XCUM9KYYBFTGVZWC0G/Detail2.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321967333-Z2B3LSYUH0ZCQH9GXG6V/House-section_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321405288-PCRXUBNNJR1GAEB738W6/incremental_f.gif Ụlọ (Copy) v2 - Incrementality Incrementality - Axonometric diagram showing starting vs infilled states. Temporary bamboo balustrades are used for empty bays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322142701-093W0HBTPLMSYRWJ3Q7X/Incrementality_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 3 Bedroom flat - Horizontal expansion | 2 - 5 bays | 28m2 - 70m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322143294-5BTHBK19YJ67HPN3207P/Incrementality2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 2 Bedroom Maisonette - Vertical expansion | 2 - 4 bays | 28m2 - 56m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322144520-BUIHLNLXL7ZM7W0APFV5/Incrementality3_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 4 Bedroom House | Vertical expansion | 3-6 bays | 28m2 - 84m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322555325-27QFOW8VPVCYZ38U2PWT/incremental-community_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Compound development https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322598440-03TN7WNX9IDOGYHTIBUZ/Shop-2_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Central Civic Space - The central space is designed to be multi-purpose in order to cater for larger events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322659402-UXDQPPUVDYQW0DUDVD7O/Communal+elevation+base.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Central Civic Space - Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322719404-T016RGCSZ16J86QSL3UD/Obi-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Central Civic Space - View from walkway around the periphery of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322887512-1HSGAJXLSLKJ2W6IXE4K/Obi-vray_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Meeting Hall - Exterior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322886975-FOGWPSCRIN16N1ERF13J/Obi-Interior_01_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Meeting Hall - The upper floor gives a view of the surroundings whilst taking advantage of the south-westerly prevailing wind https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322894588-UEK735NODF03IMWRHE78/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Meeting Hall - Reference https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330783587-4PPAPYDO5RTE9UHQYW57/Obi-Section_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Meeting Hall - Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330919733-XUNQTRXPN8MS0S15822Q/Wall_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Boundary Wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622421608-7ZHI7Z89FMPR1PIC3WR4/Decoration3.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Decoration - Brick screens https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622361661-OP6NC60GYOBFNW2JZ8IS/Decoration.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Decoration - Brick paved walkways https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622395493-C7TKSWJ7H1E9AQZ767C4/Decoration2.png Ụlọ (Copy) v2 Decoration - Decorative blocks https://ulo-design.com/093188058042-5 daily 0.75 2020-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606333611911-XIIM4H7XZPLW497P5RTQ/Obi-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606209771714-G73C66YZS780FUSGF3UE/Obi+3.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Final Proposal - View from walway into central civil space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210191491-R65YAVBVELI2SAD71PM1/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_238_CLEAN_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Village settlement pattern - Example layout showing compounds centred around a ward compound, which are in turn centred around a village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210193326-2VZ2XLPSE6S8DY3RHMK9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_241_CLEAN_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Village group layout - Villages centred around a communal village group centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188335-7EB2E0RH2TUBQO4C9L1S/Dmochowski-combined-2-82_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Rooms are arranged around primary and secondary courtyards https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210196817-UAGT37P9JFG2ZG415CNT/Impluvium-Isometric_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Isometric diagram https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210187609-EECZZYNKL8ZH353HBVSN/Umera-Ozi-Section-EE_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through main courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210204101-62DFLHY8UFG1UVAVSXUG/Umera-Ozi-Section-DD_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through altar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201970-XIC5M16CRUOGT8TLN0HL/Umera-Ozi---front-elevation_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium type compound - Section through porch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199745-LB5YY1D6SG9X1ZTSZVVN/Ndi-Aja-compound_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Giant compound type - Houses form of perimeter wall enclosing a courtyard roughly oval in shape https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210197652-9Y1G0NTLOO3NHMJWDJT8/long-plan_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Giant Compound Type - Houses are formed from long narrow blocks and compartmentalised into rooms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210201488-BKOAFV96X6UY19DELEFU/Okeafor-Ibekwe_plan_f.gif Ụlọ (Copy) Heartland compound type - A walled group of detached dwellings for the male head, his wives and children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210188949-QHPZ98GUTJ7AGOSEZWH9/Godwin-Chikwendu-Nsude-1987_unlocked_Page_166_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Construction - Wattle and daub or skeletal structure with mud infilling https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606210199598-SX9F1IDZBJ03YB4SC0JB/Motifs.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - geometric and Uli decorative motifs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879306-CVH2ROLPPRPJON9K28UM/Door_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Decorative door - Compund entrances were often decorated to reflect the status of their owner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223891449-7WHU930X8CYCHH8G1A2C/Wattle-Daub_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Eroded wattle and daub structure https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223889621-XCWG5AZBCJPWGGLWCK91/VS_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Village Square - tiered seats with tree cover in an square for public activities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868725-ZCR05HYR273HTO2CKOG3/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Forked post - Naturally branched trunk used as post to support mid-purlin of steeply pitched roof https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223870227-XBU9MAHYAWZJCRY490CF/Communal_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Communal building - Thatching the roof of a house in relays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223879466-ZYN4F4LS66MU75VPS8EV/End-beam_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Roof supports - short forked posts supported on brackets set into the wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606224645682-PT8TLD07VXB10L5FLKXR/imp+comp_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Impluvium compound type - View of impluvium with sacred Egbo tree https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223871250-QP667D8AYQ75IAQJD0DK/Decoration_platespsd_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Clay wall decorated with inserted objects - cowies, enamel and glass https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223868867-R57JC1NGYCJZVVSC7WGL/Carved-post_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Carving - Carvings on a forked wooden post https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880508-N0B2ZKLLQBCUTW9S42Z6/Ohafia-Obi_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - View of meeting hall from village square https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223880696-F9MCPAO6S9A358VQ4ZOD/Ohafia-Obu-interior_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Moulded furniture and carved columns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606223883292-PTVB41Q8L20BWD5MVGPH/Portico_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Portico - Wall decorations inside portico https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225561860-XO6Z0HZDQESU978CXU96/Umuahia-Map_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Colonial map of Umuahia - The settlement served as an administrative centre and a collecting point for crops and commerce due to the trainline running through it. It was segregated into European and native areas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606225940792-P3PFOT65CS12WTELEWWT/Umuahia-new-map_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Current Map - Rapid urbanisation has caused the city to expand into its constituent villages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228104108-9ECG7HYFR47N1W27Y4D1/Gate_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) ”The Gate” - Location of the old market and considered to be the centre of the city https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228467725-WAZ2JLUBZL57G2ALJXE2/Gate-decoration_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Expression - Some gates show signs of decoration bas relief on the concrete surrounds and decorative metal work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606228662696-ELD2EB3M33R1XSABBVFP/Intersection_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) City centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303814945-PCFDVCWPJ36ENNN4LQQS/IMG_1014_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Encroachment - streets turned into impromptu trading posts with makeshift platforms over gutters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303845442-EOL4NPY20RYIXLRUMF6O/NRL-corner_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Post colonial house - Typical house built by natives during early urbanisation period https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303906785-093IN4VCS69873CQ3OEB/Old-railway_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Railway - Once a source of the city’s growth it is used infrequently and the space is appropriated by street vendors amongst others https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606303987304-EIROORZI66L9I25BJYFP/Typical-apartment-block_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Apartment blocks - Typical of the city centre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605606488917-YGV1JCWWUP7BF12QJ5U0/Estate.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Gated housing estate - Developers focus on higher end gated developments that few can afford https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304068304-69MB010NZV5L257BXBLS/Gate-big_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Gatehouse - Wealth can be expressed by the size abd style of compound entrances https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606304158992-J5BEURGYWTB53IC7YJA1/Old-vs-new_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old vs. new - Earth building, which has been left to deteriorate, superseded by concrete structures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605605779430-TCV8MEO177GV2OH37YNI/World%2BBank%2BSection%2Bcropped.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) World Bank Housing Estate - Typical street section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307015266-GYOX07W0LRYT5OBNN7B0/Dudes-Room_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) World Bank Housing Estate - Plan of studio unit shared by husband wife and 2 children https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306448113-H0BSE4OSDQCN6DSLBGT8/Grid-map_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - grid iron pattern https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306528378-DV80VQNPC0WOH1MYJ60A/column-enugu_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - View through verandah to courtyard, early town compound https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306615918-LFWZ48AXEJGV7NYK7JIJ/NRL-corner_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Old natives reservation - Early post colonial building built by early town dwellers during first period of urbanisation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606306885214-IRCXVAMGQEW31GDHUPRP/FMFUAxo-Base_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Axonometric drawing of typical tenement building in old natives reservation. Originally built for people moving to newly formed towns for work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307219818-N7KFSV5AY5ZWJXI7M102/FMFU-A4-PLAN_COMBINED_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Originally built for a single extended family, now several families can occupy one or more rooms. Rooms facing the street can also be rented out as shops https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307464210-9SNW6Z7QC6EXT2M50EL1/image-asset.jpeg Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606307483146-KZ3KRC8D5PPQH9R8WF20/IMG_1084_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Tenement building - Kitchen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308089398-XYSS3PFWSMXFYO3ARN69/Existing-Site_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Existing site plan - Development has been rapid, but slower than possible due to the difficulty in titling ancestral lands https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525039-PZU8COH5JRAYP1EFBYLN/Access-rd-1_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - Southern access rd, view to East https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308525484-S3W3B4F8BWZU0FICQSWZ/Site-main_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - Interior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308526541-R6FN7D6P0Y81EEXNBM6M/View-to-richies-from-site_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site - High income developments are increasing on previously undeveloped land https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605534301573-MORWJKSRUNRFNWPH3YYG/Iso+house+types.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Typical house types - The creation of a new government complex near the site has made the land more valuable, and many large houses are springing up on the previously undeveloped land. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605540446483-F7LI9F5OR3Q9E53Y4J0N/Typical%2Bpartition.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Typical settlment pattern - Site as would be typically laid out in a modern housing estate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606308944419-UP3E31Q77BVNHNLLGRZH/Principles-v2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Relevant Aspects of Igbo Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168827-2KCWJZ1SV1HKSBOX67TC/Site-diagrams1_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Concept - 5 clusters of residential units, 4 low income and 1 high income, assembled around a central civic communal space, with a hierarchy of open spaces, from the private to the public https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310171004-ZAO1E8JUNTLIMB6YY0ZF/Site-diagrams2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Low Rise High Density - Low rise buildings of maximum 3 storeys are used to try and increase density , whilst allowing for ample communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175316-ZBWEN6ADQLBHXI1SE986/Site-diagrams3_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Security & Access – The peripheral road allows the interior of the site to be car free, and more space for communal use. Due to security issues, a perimeter wall with security post and one point of entry and exit is necessary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310175617-OA3M76VYNJLUJHWRKXYY/Site-diagrams4_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Public & commercial - Commercial activity surrounds and activates the central civic space. At the south of the site a workshop is located which acts as a hub for the building activity during the construction phases as well as incremental additions at later stages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310168828-K1PCI6OM1CUGWHOMCDDH/Existing-Site5_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Mixed Income - Higher income units are located to the north east at the highest and most desirable point of the site. They will help subsidise infrastructure for the rest of the development and promote the idea of alternative building methods from a top-down approach. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606310715566-Q06C3ZRAM9ZCJSQV48JV/Overall-axo-base_02_annotated_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Model - Residential clusters surround a central communal space https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606311163937-QZXBVEE32YN6O0OL18CQ/Site-section_01_f-.png Ụlọ (Copy) Site Section - the site slopes from the north east to the south west, a height difference of approximately 10m, with the high income cluster located at the highest point of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316425163-XQI8DTTJ269ZQ1M85OE9/Overall+axo+base_02_annotated2.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Overview - The density is in contrast to surrounding plots, which are currently undeveloped due to land titling issues, but will ultimately densify due to urbanisation forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606316756261-SVI2K7C883ACAUPOLWDO/Site-plan-V3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Site Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317004373-ET47RO1YVTO7USKEEVCE/Cluster-axo_02_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Axonometric – Smaller compound courtyards lead into cluster courtyard and ultimately into the central civic space. 2-3 storey volumes create a low rise high density environment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317187322-F8U01DL4IPMQTD9OWQF9/Elevation-v2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606317609749-GEYLVJ2TUPAKA1T5EZWG/1_200_BASE_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Plan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606318104675-WDZKZXC2BL23NPJ7Q7VK/Cluster-render_01_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Cluster Courtyard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313687-5NNG6HCVUOYCLGG93881/0F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - Ground https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319313035-K6KIKKZFXVZ2178378CP/1F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - First https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319316715-NIDA6UNSP8QYB2TS0NRR/2F_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Plan - Second https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606319567440-BLUFH2XITQ14KPFF922P/Interior-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Ground Floor Unit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321806039-65FPBOYCKK8OYJKM6JSL/House-section_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321956467-C2QNH26S6P438T4D3ORI/Detail.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321958460-Y7XCUM9KYYBFTGVZWC0G/Detail2.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321967333-Z2B3LSYUH0ZCQH9GXG6V/House-section_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606321405288-PCRXUBNNJR1GAEB738W6/incremental_f.gif Ụlọ (Copy) - Incrementality Incrementality - Axonometric diagram showing starting vs infilled states. Temporary bamboo balustrades are used for empty bays https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322142701-093W0HBTPLMSYRWJ3Q7X/Incrementality_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 3 Bedroom flat - Horizontal expansion | 2 - 5 bays | 28m2 - 70m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322143294-5BTHBK19YJ67HPN3207P/Incrementality2_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 2 Bedroom Maisonette - Vertical expansion | 2 - 4 bays | 28m2 - 56m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322144520-BUIHLNLXL7ZM7W0APFV5/Incrementality3_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) 4 Bedroom House | Vertical expansion | 3-6 bays | 28m2 - 84m2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322555325-27QFOW8VPVCYZ38U2PWT/incremental-community_f.png Ụlọ (Copy) Compound development https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322598440-03TN7WNX9IDOGYHTIBUZ/Shop-2_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - The central space is designed to be multi-purpose in order to cater for larger events https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322659402-UXDQPPUVDYQW0DUDVD7O/Communal+elevation+base.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - Elevation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322719404-T016RGCSZ16J86QSL3UD/Obi-3_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Central Civic Space - View from walkway around the periphery of the site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322887512-1HSGAJXLSLKJ2W6IXE4K/Obi-vray_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Exterior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322886975-FOGWPSCRIN16N1ERF13J/Obi-Interior_01_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - The upper floor gives a view of the surroundings whilst taking advantage of the south-westerly prevailing wind https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606322894588-UEK735NODF03IMWRHE78/Beam-connection-detail_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Reference https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330783587-4PPAPYDO5RTE9UHQYW57/Obi-Section_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Meeting Hall - Section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1606330919733-XUNQTRXPN8MS0S15822Q/Wall_f.jpg Ụlọ (Copy) Boundary Wall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622421608-7ZHI7Z89FMPR1PIC3WR4/Decoration3.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Brick screens https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622361661-OP6NC60GYOBFNW2JZ8IS/Decoration.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Brick paved walkways https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59655a42440243ce8c5213a2/1605622395493-C7TKSWJ7H1E9AQZ767C4/Decoration2.png Ụlọ (Copy) Decoration - Decorative blocks https://ulo-design.com/about daily 0.75 2025-11-03